The results suggest that using CRM and HFHPS is an effective pedagogy for teaching communication and teamwork skills to IP student teams.

IPE improved student knowledge in the roles and responsibilities competency domain. In particular, nursing and occupational therapy students became more aware of the knowledge and skill set of the RT profession.

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Zamjahn JB, Quinton LJ, Mack JC, Frevert CW, Nelson S, Bagby GJ. Differential flux of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant from the lung after intrapulmonary delivery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301: L568 -L574, 2011. First published July 8, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajplung.00340.2010.-Previously we showed that cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), but not macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), is detected in plasma after intratracheal challenge with LPS or the particular chemokines. To further understand the differences between CINC and MIP-2 flux from the lung, we attempted to detect the two chemokines in isolated erythrocytes and leukocytes in rats after intratracheal LPS challenge. In response to intratracheal LPS, we found both CINC and MIP-2 in isolated erythrocytes and leukocytes, suggesting that MIP-2 produced in the LPS-challenged lung entered the circulation like CINC. To assess the relative flux of CINC and MIP-2 from the intra-alveolar compartment into the blood, experiments were performed in rats implanted with vascular catheters in which both chemokines were either injected intratracheally (5 g) or infused intravenously (20 ng/min) and subsequently measured in plasma or with the cellular elements. Both chemokines appeared in the blood following intratracheal injection, with CINC detected in plasma and cells but MIP-2 only detected in the cellular fraction of blood. Infusion of both chemokines allowed detection of MIP-2 and CINC in plasma and with the cellular elements, which allowed us to calculate clearance for each chemokine and to assess CINC and MIP-2 rates of appearance (Ra) following intratracheal injection. On the basis of plasma and whole blood clearance, CINC Ra was more than sevenfold and fourfold higher, respectively, than MIP-2 Ra. This analysis indicates that differences exist in the rate of flux of CINC and MIP-2 across the epithelial/endothelial barrier of the lung, despite similar molecular size.Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines; intratracheal chemokines; intratracheal LPS; chemokines CXC CHEMOKINES ARE A FAMILY of related polypeptide molecules that are potent immune cell chemotactic factors (9). Members bearing a NH 2 -terminal ELRϩ sequence upstream from the conserved cysteine residues are potent inducers of neutrophil chemotaxis (14, 29). Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) are rat ELRϩ CXC chemokines (functional counterparts to human CXCL8/IL-8), which have been shown to increase in lungs challenged with bacteria and to be responsible for neutrophil migration into the alveoli (4,5,20,24). Antibody neutralization of either chemokine significantly attenuates neutrophil migration into the intrapulmonary compartment during infection and decreases bacterial clearance (5, 7, 28).Previously we reported that CINC, but not MIP-2, appears in the plasma in response to intratracheal (IT) challenge with LPS despite their similar molecular size (7.8 and 7.9 kDa, res...

Objective The Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD) is an evidence-based, 8-item tool that uses a behaviorally anchored rating scale in paper-based form to evaluate the quality of debriefing in medical education. The objective of this project was twofold: 1) to create an easy-to-use electronic format of the OSAD (eOSAD) in order to streamline data entry; and 2) to pilot its use on videoed debriefings. Materials and Methods The eOSAD was developed in collaboration with the LSU Health New Orleans Epidemiology Data Center using SurveyGizmo (Widgix Software, LLC, Boulder, CO, USA) software. The eOSAD was then piloted by 2 trained evaluators who rated 37 videos of faculty teams conducting pre-briefing and debriefing after a high-fidelity trauma simulation. Inter-rater reliability was assessed, and evaluators’ qualitative feedback was obtained. Results Inter-rater reliability was good [prebrief, intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.955 (95% CI, 0.912–0.977), P < .001; debrief, ICC = 0.853 (95% CI, 0.713–0.924), P < .001]. Qualitative feedback from evaluators found that the eOSAD was easy to complete, simple to read and add comments, and reliably stored data that were readily retrievable, enabling the smooth dissemination of information collected. Discussion The eOSAD features a secure login, sharable internet access link for distant evaluators, and the immediate exporting of data into a secure database for future analysis. It provided convenience for end-users, produced reliable assessments among independent evaluators, and eliminated multiple sources of possible data corruption. Conclusion The eOSAD tool format advances the post debriefing evaluation of videoed inter-professional team training in high-fidelity simulation.