Urban mental health programmes in developing countries remain in their infancy. To serve low-income communities, research needs to consider the impact of common life experience in slums, including poverty, bad living conditions, unemployment, and crowding. Our study in the Malavani slum of Mumbai examines afflictions of the city affecting the emotional well-being and mental health of women and men with respect to gender. This is a topic for which mental health studies have been lacking, and for which psychiatric assumptions based on middle-class clinical experience may be most tenuous. This study employs ethnographic methods to show how environmental and social contexts interact in shaping local experience with reference to common mental health problems. Focusing on the social and environmental context of the mental health of communities, rather than psychiatric disorders affecting individuals, findings are broadly applicable and sorely needed to guide the development of locally appropriate community mental health programmes. Identified afflictions affecting mental health include not only access to health care, but also sanitation, addictions, criminality, domestic violence, and the so-called bar-girl culture. Although effective clinical interventions are required for mental health services to treat psychiatric disorders, they cannot directly affect the conditions of urban slums that impair mental health.

In this paper we investigate the behaviour of GALS (Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous) systems in the context of VLSI circuits. The specification of a system is given in the form of a Petri net. Our aim is to re-design the system to optimise signal management, by grouping together concurrent events. Looking at the concurrent reachability graph of the given Petri net, we are interested in discovering events that appear in "bundles", so that they all can be executed in one clock tick. The best candidates for bundles are sets of events that appear and re-appear over and over again in the same configurations, forming "persistent" sets of events. Persistence was considered so far only in the context of sequential semantics. Here we introduce a notion of persistent steps and discuss their basic properties. We then introduce a formal definition of a bundle and propose an algorithm to prune the behaviour of a system, so that only bundle steps remain. The pruned reachability graph represents the behaviour of a re-engineered system, which in turn can be implemented in a new Petri net using the standard techniques of net synthesis. The proposed algorithm prunes reachability graphs of persistent and safe nets leaving bundles that represent maximally concurrent steps.

A concurrent system is persistent if throughout its operation no activity which became enabled can subsequently be prevented from being executed by any other activity. This is often a highly desirable (or even necessary) property; in particular, if the system is to be implemented in hardware. Over the past 40 years, persistence has been investigated and applied in practical implementations assuming that each activity is a single atomic action which can be represented, for example, by a single transition of a Petri net. a bundle and propose an algorithm to prune the behaviour of a system, so that only bundled steps remain. The pruned reachability graph represents the behaviour of a re-engineered system, which in turn can be implemented in a new Petri net using the standard techniques of net synthesis. The proposed algorithm prunes reachability graphs of persistent and safe nets leaving bundles that represent maximally concurrent steps.

The move to Smart Grids, has turned up a wealth of data improving the ability to understand various aspects of the network. Usage of this data offline (post trial) can be hindered by the structure of the data. Tidy principles result in a systematic structure beneficial for analysis. We argue tidiness of data is being overlooked in other work to organise energy data. The repositories of several power systems projects are examined to understand how the data is structured. The findings are summarized and recommendations made for improvements in tidiness. Future works in the area are suggested.

With the increasing number and complexity of the resources in computer based systems, e.g. manufacturing systems, it is more and more important to rely on formal methods to model the components of such systems considering an object based approach. The motivation to do so, is to introduce structuring mechanisms in order to better manage the complexity of such systems. In this work we introduce an object based Petri net with its foundation on Coloured Petri Nets and GNets. G-CPN systems are constructs of concurrent, cooperating and loose coupling objects, which main purpose is the incremental, formal and executable modeling and specification of complex distributed software systems, encouraging both software reuse and maintenance.