Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome, which describes a sudden neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin. The risk factors for stroke are diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol and hypertension. Colour doppler ultrasound is one of the important tool for the evaluation of exracranial insufficiency of the carotid arteries. This study was performed to assess the carotid arteries with the help of color doppler in carotid artery disease.Methods: Of the 100 patients who had come to our department during the study period with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease such as transient episodes of neurological dysfunction, sudden weakness or numbness, hemiparesis, focal neurological deficits, sudden loss of consciousness, altered sensorium, aphasia, slurring of speech, diminution or loss of vision were included into the study. CT scan of brain and color doppler evaluation for the extracranial carotid arteries was done for all the patients to assess the atheromatous disease of extracranial carotid arteries and comparison with brain changes in cerebrovascular disease patients.Results: Of the 100 patients included into the study, 51% were males and 49% were females. 59% of the patients were above 61 years of age, 24% of them were between 51-60 years and 12% were between 41-50 years. 82% of the patients had the presence of atherosclerotic plaque while 18% had increased intima-media thickness without the plaque. Among the patients with atherosclerotic plaque, 63.4% had diabetes and 68.3% had hypertension. <50% stenosis was seen among 45.1% of the patients while 36.6% had between 50-70%. Near total occlusion was seen in 6.1% of the patients.Conclusions: The color Doppler sonography is a useful tool in evaluation of extra cranial course of carotid vessels. It is a non-invasive, cheap, faster modality without any side effects. Therefore, it could be used in predicting CVA in patients with carotid atheromatous disease.

BACKGROUND Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints encountered in clinical practice. It is also the commonest musculoskeletal ultrasound examination request. It often leads to considerable disability, hence an early diagnosis allows proper surgical treatment planning that can prevent functional impairment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the state of the art diagnostic tool for evaluation of the shoulder. It allows the evaluation of the bone marrow, tendons, muscles, ligaments, capsules and bursae, but its limitations lie in the evaluation of the labrum and glenohumeral ligaments for which MRI arthrography is the study of choice. Improvement in the resolution of USG machines, refined techniques and better understanding of the pathology have contributed to high accuracy in the diagnosis of rotator cuff pathology. With an experienced sonologist and good equipment, accuracy of USG equals that of MRI for full-thickness tears and is slightly better than MRI for partial-thickness tears. USG's real-time capability, low cost and dynamic nature makes it the preferred imaging modality over MRI in several institutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a case series study carried out at Katuri Medical College and Hospital in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and includes 50 patients with the complaint of shoulder joint pain with suspected rotator cuff pathologies, were evaluated p with ultrasound examination which was further followed by MRI and the results were compared and analysed for significance. Machines used-USG-Philips Envisor, GE LOGIQ F8, MRI-GE 0.2 Tesla machine. RESULTS 50 patients with shoulder pain with a clinical suspicion of rotator cuff tear were evaluated. USG examination of the affected shoulder was done in comparison with the normal shoulder and the findings were correlated with the subsequent MRI findings. Ultrasound can be used for the initial investigation of suspected rotator cuff pathologies. Advantages of ultrasound are noninvasive, real time, low cost, no radiation and the advantage of dynamic examination and comparison with the normal side. CONCLUSION In our study of 50 patients with suspected rotator cuff pathology, ultrasound demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity more so for supraspinatus tendon pathologies and least for peribicipital tendon fluid collection and SASD bursitis. Also USG is a reliable dynamic diagnostic tool and provides direct correlation of the imaging findings with the symptoms of the patient, and helps with guided interventional procedures. Therefore, it should be considered as an accurate modality for the initial investigation of rotator cuff, especially supraspinatus tears. MRI is preferably done after sonography in doubtful cases or for evaluation of shoulder pathologies like labral tears.

Background:Radio-imaging is one of the most important tools in the diagnosis of spinal injury and helps to start a prompt and correct treatment to patients. Compared to CT, MRI allows better visualization of various tissues, including spinal cord and ligaments, not to mention discs and vessels. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of low tesla MRI in acute spinal injuries. Methods: Site of injury, neurological status of the patient etc., were noted from 78 patients included in the study. The neurological status was evaluated according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale. Within 2days of admission, MRI was done. In case of doubt, radiographs for superior and articular processes was done where necessary. CT was done in case edema was seen without a fracture line. Results: Most of the patients were males with the maximum of the patients being between the ages 21-50 years. Fall from height was the most common cause of injury and cervical region was the most common site. Osseous injury, ligament disruption and spinal cord injury were the most common MRI findings. Conclusions: Being non-invasive procedure with high specificity and sensitivity, MRI is a preferred diagnostic tool to assess the spinal cord injuries.

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a well-established imaging technique, which are available at most larger hospitals today. Due to the combination of this high contrast and the fact that it is a non-ionizing radiation, MRI is often used for investigation of a large range of pathologies in almost all parts of the body. This study was performed to describe the MRI features in various types of lesions causing painful hip joint, as well as identify the common lesions seen in painful hip joint and to analyse the severity and extent of the underlying lesion in various conditions of hip joint pain, and early detection of pathological changes helpful to prognosticate and influence therapeutic decisions.Methods: This descriptive study was done on 50 patients with complaints of hip joint pain were included into the study. Appropriate MRI sequences and multi-planar imaging performed for every patient.Results: Out of the 50 patients included in the study, 74% of them were males who were predominantly affected with hip pain. The most common age group which was affected was 51-60 years (20%) and 21-30 years (20%). The most common pathology amongst the patients was Avascular necrosis of femoral head seen in 44% of the patients, osteoarthritis was seen in 54 patients, Tuberculosis in 5 patients, 2 had Perthe’s disease, joint effusion was observed in 6 patients.Conclusions: MRI of the hip joint is an informative, diagnostic, non-invasive, rapid and accurate imaging modality for the assessment of hip pain and sufficient imaging modality for delineation of different hip joint pathology.