Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome, which describes a sudden neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin. The risk factors for stroke are diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol and hypertension. Colour doppler ultrasound is one of the important tool for the evaluation of exracranial insufficiency of the carotid arteries. This study was performed to assess the carotid arteries with the help of color doppler in carotid artery disease.Methods: Of the 100 patients who had come to our department during the study period with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease such as transient episodes of neurological dysfunction, sudden weakness or numbness, hemiparesis, focal neurological deficits, sudden loss of consciousness, altered sensorium, aphasia, slurring of speech, diminution or loss of vision were included into the study. CT scan of brain and color doppler evaluation for the extracranial carotid arteries was done for all the patients to assess the atheromatous disease of extracranial carotid arteries and comparison with brain changes in cerebrovascular disease patients.Results: Of the 100 patients included into the study, 51% were males and 49% were females. 59% of the patients were above 61 years of age, 24% of them were between 51-60 years and 12% were between 41-50 years. 82% of the patients had the presence of atherosclerotic plaque while 18% had increased intima-media thickness without the plaque. Among the patients with atherosclerotic plaque, 63.4% had diabetes and 68.3% had hypertension. <50% stenosis was seen among 45.1% of the patients while 36.6% had between 50-70%. Near total occlusion was seen in 6.1% of the patients.Conclusions: The color Doppler sonography is a useful tool in evaluation of extra cranial course of carotid vessels. It is a non-invasive, cheap, faster modality without any side effects. Therefore, it could be used in predicting CVA in patients with carotid atheromatous disease.

Background:Radio-imaging is one of the most important tools in the diagnosis of spinal injury and helps to start a prompt and correct treatment to patients. Compared to CT, MRI allows better visualization of various tissues, including spinal cord and ligaments, not to mention discs and vessels. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of low tesla MRI in acute spinal injuries. Methods: Site of injury, neurological status of the patient etc., were noted from 78 patients included in the study. The neurological status was evaluated according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale. Within 2days of admission, MRI was done. In case of doubt, radiographs for superior and articular processes was done where necessary. CT was done in case edema was seen without a fracture line. Results: Most of the patients were males with the maximum of the patients being between the ages 21-50 years. Fall from height was the most common cause of injury and cervical region was the most common site. Osseous injury, ligament disruption and spinal cord injury were the most common MRI findings. Conclusions: Being non-invasive procedure with high specificity and sensitivity, MRI is a preferred diagnostic tool to assess the spinal cord injuries.

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a well-established imaging technique, which are available at most larger hospitals today. Due to the combination of this high contrast and the fact that it is a non-ionizing radiation, MRI is often used for investigation of a large range of pathologies in almost all parts of the body. This study was performed to describe the MRI features in various types of lesions causing painful hip joint, as well as identify the common lesions seen in painful hip joint and to analyse the severity and extent of the underlying lesion in various conditions of hip joint pain, and early detection of pathological changes helpful to prognosticate and influence therapeutic decisions.Methods: This descriptive study was done on 50 patients with complaints of hip joint pain were included into the study. Appropriate MRI sequences and multi-planar imaging performed for every patient.Results: Out of the 50 patients included in the study, 74% of them were males who were predominantly affected with hip pain. The most common age group which was affected was 51-60 years (20%) and 21-30 years (20%). The most common pathology amongst the patients was Avascular necrosis of femoral head seen in 44% of the patients, osteoarthritis was seen in 54 patients, Tuberculosis in 5 patients, 2 had Perthe’s disease, joint effusion was observed in 6 patients.Conclusions: MRI of the hip joint is an informative, diagnostic, non-invasive, rapid and accurate imaging modality for the assessment of hip pain and sufficient imaging modality for delineation of different hip joint pathology.

BACKGROUND The term 'rhinosinusitis' is defined as inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Anatomical variations are predisposing factors for causing rhinosinusitis. A precise knowledge of the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is essential for the clinician. With the advent of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and Coronal Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, considerable attention has been directed toward paranasal region anatomy. Remarkable anatomic variations of nasal septum and lateral of nose region and their possible pathologic consequences should be well defined in order to improve success of management strategies and to avoid potential complications of endoscopic sinus surgery. The objective of this study is to determine the anatomical variations leading to clinical sinusitis and to compare them with normal population. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship of anatomical variations and rhinosinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS It is a descriptive study. Patients admitted in our hospital from 1/1/2016-31/7/2017 with symptoms of sinusitis were randomly selected and considered for CT paranasal sinuses for detection of any anatomical variations. Design-This is a case control study. A prospective study of 200 patients was done on the CT scans of patients with clinical sinusitis. RESULTS Anatomical variations leading to sinusitis were Concha Bullosa (43%), Deviated Nasal Septum (34.6%), Agger Nasi (41.12%), Haller Cell (10.28%), Paradoxical Middle Turbinate (10.28%), Large Bulla (7.48%), Onodi Cell (5.61%) and Pneumatised Uncinate (2.8%). CONCLUSION It was concluded that the anatomical variations play a significant role in rhinosinusitis and prior CT PNS is essential for diagnosis and treatment.

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