This study explored whether people expect to experience guilt and shame following acts of deception, and whether such expectations are mediated by the deceivers' motivation, culture, sex, and=or the type of relationship between the deceiver and deceived. Students from China and the United States imagined themselves in several deception scenarios and rated the degree to which they would expect to experience guilt and shame following the deception. The scenarios depicted messages told for different reasons (e.g., to avoid conflict, to appear better) and with various relational partners (e.g., friends, spouses, strangers). Results indicated that motive, culture, and relationship affect emotional expectations following deception. No sex differences were found. These results and their implications are discussed.
Experiential and didactic approaches are both prevalent and potentially valuable; this study seeks to compare and contrast the methods of each. One specific simulation is examined: BAFA BAFA. This intercultural simulation is widely used and supported by educators, but few researchers have empirically tested its effectiveness. The results showed that, although BAFA BAFA did motivate students to do better in class, the simulation actually increased students' ethnocentrism in contrast to courses not using BAFA BAFA. The implications of these findings for education and future research are discussed
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