No abstract

Anthropometry is the branch of ergonomics that deals with body shape and size. The parts of the human body varies in size and in shape, thus, there is a need to take these variations into consideration whenever a product is designed for their use. The absence of the application of ergonomics principles could result musculoskeletal disorders. Evolutionary development of humans over the years has produced erect posture among humans necessary for their functionality and effective interaction with their immediate environment. The sole of the human foot has evolved to attain an arch and a three‐point support, which supports the body from either falling back or front. The foot is complex in structure and by function. It plays a major role in keeping the body in balance and steady. Body composition is the proportion of fat and fat‐free mass in the body. However, the fat and non‐essential body fat can be excessively stored in the body and may tend to be unhealthy to the human body and the foot. In this study we aim to preliminarily evaluate the relationship between body composition and anthropometric features of the foot, among women from African and European origin. A total of 150 feet of young women from African and European origin between the ages of 18 and 27 were recruited for the study. The required anthropometric parameters were measured. The shtriter index, a Russian method to determining height of foot arches was used, and body composition examined using BMI. The data were analysed using T‐test and regression analysis. The respective parameters for African and European women were measured: mean Height (H) of 159.6±0.54 and 164.3±0.69, (p<0.05), Body Mass Index (BMI) 24.5±0.40 and 21.1±0.25 (p<0.05), Foot Length (FL) 22.6±0.14 and 22.8±0.13 (p>0.05), Foot Width (FW) 8.3±0.07 and 8.4±0.05 (p>0.05), Length of Medial Longitudinal Arch (LMLA) 14.2±0.12 and 13.5±0.10 (p<0.05), and Width of Posterior Transverse Arch (WPTA) 3.4±0.13 and 2.5±0.12 (p<0.05). For African women, 51% of the total number of feet were FAF (Flat‐Arch Foot) and LAF (Low‐Arch Foot); 33% – VHAF (Very High‐Arched Foot) and HAF (High‐Arched Foot). European women recorded 18% – FAF and LAF; 74% – VHAF and HAF. The research revealed significance difference in the anthropometric parameters of the foot between women from the African and European origin. We speculate that the significant difference in the former is due to the significant difference in their body composition. Reasons for the significant difference in some of the anthropometric parameters of the foot were attributed to factors such as environment, genetics, and origin of race.Support or Funding InformationResearch supported by the Department of Human Anatomy at RUDN University, Moscow, RussiaThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Background Physio ring (SR) is considered an improved version of the Classic rigid ring (RR). Today, SR is more widely used in mitral valve (MV) repair. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of repair with RR and SR in degenerative mitral valve disease. Methods In a computerized registry of our institution, 306 patients had MV repair with either RR (139 patients) or SR (167 patients) ring between 2005 and 2015. Fifteen of them had concomitant tricuspid valve repair. Ninety-two (30.1%) had Barlow's disease and 214 (69.9%) had fibroelastic deficiency. The patients had similar demographic and echocardiographic characteristics. Results There were 4 (1.3%) operative mortalities. Mean follow-up time was 107.4 ± 13.2 months. Left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic diameters significantly improved in both groups but not between groups. Survival at 10 years was 84.6% (93.1% in RR and 91.5% in SR; p = 0.177) and 10-year freedom from recurrent MR ≥ 2+ was 74.5% (88.2% in RR and 86.3% in SR; p = 0.110). Reoperations for repair failure were 8 in RR and 6 in SR. By Cox regression analysis, Barlow's disease and preoperative MR = 4 + were predictors of repair failure. Old age (≥70 years), NYHA functional class IV and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (≥40 mmHg) were predictors of poor survival by univariate analysis. Conclusion Long-term outcomes of repair for degenerative MV disease with the Classic and Physio rings are comparable. We also reiterate the importance of large size annuloplasty rings for Barlow's disease to avoid the incidence left ventricular outflow obstruction.

Background. The method of modified sinus-trabeculectomy with autoscleral drainage of the anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space was developed at the Department of Ophthalmology in the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. To assess the antihypertensive efficacy, a comparative analysis of the results with the method of standard sinus-trabeculectomy was carried out. Aim. To compare the dynamics of the results of hypotensive efficiency of the method of modified sinus-trabeculectomy with autoscleral drainage and standard sinus-trabeculectomy in the surgical treatment of Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. The results of surgical treatment in 75 patients (75 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 37 patients who were operated by modified sinus-trabeculectomy with autoscleral drainage of the anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space of autosclerosis, the second group (control) of 38 patients who underwent standard sinus-trabeculectomy. The follow-up period was 18 months. Findings. In the remote postoperative period (after 18 months.) in the first group, 36 patients had normalization and stabilization of ophthalmo-tonus (IOP P (0) averaged 14.6±1.4 mm Hg in one(1) case, there was a moderate increase in the level of IOP, for which hypotensive therapy (beta-blockers) was prescribed. In the second group, IOP P (0) averaged 18.1±1.1 mmHg, the normalization of IOP was observed in 35 patients, in three (3) cases there was an increase in the level of IOP, for which hypotensive therapy (beta-blockers) was also prescribed. Conclusion. The highest and persistent hypotensive effect and fewer failures were achieved after the modified sinustrabeculectomy technique using autoscleral drainage. K E Y w O R d S-glaucoma, sinus-trabeculectomy, drainage surgery of glaucoma.