HighlightsRye grain compaction was measured for three different moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at five different compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa)Bulk densities were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p < 0.0001) on both the moisture content and applied pressure.Compacted bulk densities increased with increasing applied pressure for all moisture contents.Abstract. Bulk density of agricultural grains is needed to determine the quantity of grain in storage structures and to calculate grain pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of moisture content and applied pressure on bulk density of rye grain at moisture contents and pressures typical of those seen in storage structures. Rye compaction was measured for three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square box (based on the design used by Thompson and Ross, 1983). Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate the bulk densities for the three moisture contents and four compaction pressures. The bulk densities were found to be significantly dependent (p <0.0001) both on moisture contents and the pressure applied. Bulk densities varied with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for rye and other agricultural grains such as wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for estimating bulk density of rye in bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Grain compaction, Grain storage, Kernel rearrangement, Kernel elasticity.

Abstract. Grain physical properties such as coefficients of friction are required to design harvesting, cleaning, and handing equipment, and storage structures. The objective of this study was to measure coefficients of friction between triticale grain and galvanized steel at grain pressures and velocities typical of those seen when filling and emptying storage bins and hoppers. Coefficients of friction were measured using an apparatus consisting of a box with openings so that a galvanized steel blade could be pulled through a sample of grain. The forces required to pulling the blades through the grain were measured for three different moisture contents [8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis(wb)] and three different normal pressures (6.9, 10.3, and 13.8 kPa). The velocity of the blade being pulled through grain was kept constant at 50 mm/min for all pressures and moisture contents. Keywords: Grain bin, Grain pressure, Grain storage.Coefficients of friction were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p <0.0001) on moisture contents of triticale grain and were not statistically significantly influenced (p=0.149) by normal pressures. Coefficients of friction increased with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for grains including corn, wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for selecting physical properties for design of storage structures for triticale. Keywords: Grain bin, Grain pressure, Grain storage.

HighlightsCompaction of triticale grain with three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) was measured at five applied pressures (0, 7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa).Bulk density increased with increasing pressure for all moisture contents and was significantly (p < 0.0001) dependent on both moisture content and applied pressure.A Verhulst logistic equation was found to model the changes in bulk density of triticale grain with R2 of 0.986.The model showed similar behavior to that of wheat and rye, indicating that the results of this study can be used with the methods of ASABE Standard S413 to predict the quantity of triticale grain stored in bins.Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of moisture content (MC) and pressure on the changes in bulk density of triticale grain under compaction at conditions typical of those seen in storage structures and to develop mathematical models to describe the compression behavior. Triticale compaction was measured at three MCs (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) and four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square metal box based on the design used in an earlier study by Thompson and Ross. Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate bulk densities for the three MCs and four pressures. Bulk densities were found to be significantly (p < 0.0001) dependent on both MC and pressure. Bulk densities varied with increasing MC, as has been observed in similar studies for other agricultural grains such as rye and wheat. These results provide guidance for estimating the bulk density of triticale in bins and other storage structures. The Verhulst logistic equation was found to best describe the changes in bulk density of triticale caused by rearrangement of the grain kernels at lower pressures for the three MCs. At higher pressures, the grain was observed to be more compliant, and Hooke’s law was used to accurately describe the observed changes. Data from the compaction tests were used to estimate the model parameters, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.986. The model was then used in WPACKING to compare the results of this study to pack factor predictions for triticale and wheat. WPACKING is a computer program that is the basis for ASABE Standard S413. The results of this comparison showed that this method can be used with the methods of ASABE Standard S413 to predict the quantity of triticale grain stored in bins. Keywords: Bulk density, Interaction, Moisture content, Pressure, Triticale, Verhulst logistic equation.