Despite much progress in training AI systems to imitate human language, building agents that use language to communicate intentionally with humans in interactive environments remains a major challenge. We introduce Cicero, the first AI agent to achieve human-level performance in
Diplomacy
, a strategy game involving both cooperation and competition that emphasizes natural language negotiation and tactical coordination between seven players. Cicero integrates a language model with planning and reinforcement learning algorithms by inferring players' beliefs and intentions from its conversations and generating dialogue in pursuit of its plans. Across 40 games of an anonymous online
Diplomacy
league, Cicero achieved more than double the average score of the human players and ranked in the top 10% of participants who played more than one game.
We propose a semantic parsing dataset focused on instruction-driven communication with an agent in the game Minecraft 1 . The dataset consists of 7K human utterances and their corresponding parses. Given proper world state, the parses can be interpreted and executed in game. We report the performance of baseline models, and analyze their successes and failures. * Equal contribution † Work done while at Facebook AI Research 1 Minecraft features: c Mojang Synergies AB included courtesy of Mojang AB
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