Introduction: Diarrhea is still a leading cause of death in the world in children, especially in children under 5 years. Diarrhea is a contagious disease with relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Rotavirus is a cause of diarrhea in children and is a very important public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Parents' knowledge is one of the causes of diarrhea due to parents' ignorance of the causes of diarrhea, how diarrhea is transmitted and how to prevent diarrhea.Methods: This explanatory mixed qantitative-qualitative method with a quasi experimental design study to determine the effect of interactive discussion on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards the prevention and management of childhood diarrhea among mothers and children living in the area of The Ash-Shiddiqiyah Orphanage located in Central Sremo, Hargowilis, Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta.Results: The activities were conducted on November 29th, 2020 with 67 participants consisting of 54 children and 13 mothers from the area. The questionnaire results showed that the posttest scores in all sections (knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions) were significantly higher compared to the the pretest scores. There were increment of 1.33 points in knowledge (p<0.001), 0.5 points in attitudes (p<0.001),  0.4 points in perception (p<0.05), and 0.76 points in overall scores (p<0.001). Interviewees agreed that the intervention has been properly conducted with clear delivery, easy to understand for both adults and children, and ability to two-way communication. Technology utilization might help the understanding of the audience. Besides, a small group discussion in the session may benefit the participants to ask more confidently compared to asking in the middle of large group due to shame.Conclusion: Interactive discussion could be used to improve knowledge, atittude and perception towards childhood diarrhea. The delivery of interactive discussion using simple language for targetted population, adoption of small group discussion and technology utilization might help the effectiveness of the intervention. Further study is needed to identify effective ways to promote the childhood diarrhea management and prevention in community.

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Background Intravenous fluid administration is one of the most common and important life-saving treatments in daily clinical settings, however it is not given as much attention as it should have. This study aims to evaluate the intravenous fluid’s use pattern in infants from birth until 18 months of age in Indonesia. Methods A post-hoc analysis of RV3-BB Phase IIb randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1621 participants in Indonesia between January 2013 and July 2016. Any health events were documented in the trial as adverse events. Concomitant medication surveillance recorded all medications, including intravenous fluids (IVF) during the 18 months of follow-up. Information included intravenous fluid type, methods of administration, dosage, indication and duration. Results Of 1621 participants, 251 (15.48%) participants received at least one intravenous fluid for treating 294 adverse events during their 18-month follow-up period. A total of 333 intravenous fluid consumptions were recorded, 20 (6.0%) as fluid resuscitation, 273 (81.98%) as fluid maintenance, 40 (12.01%) as both maintenance and resuscitation. Isotonic fluids predominated resuscitation fluids (52 out of 60 [86.7%]) and maintenance fluids (166 out of 313 [53.0%]). Hyponatremia (1 case) was detected among those administered with hypotonic fluids (143 out 313 [45.7%] IVFs) for maintenance fluid. The most common indication for intravenous fluid was gastroenteritis (31.6%), with dehydration in most cases (65 [69.9%]). Modified WHO’s plan B diarrhea management was recorded in 22 [23.7%] diarrhea cases. Conclusions This study provides the information of intravenous fluid use pattern in 0–18 months children cohort in Indonesia. Some intravenous fluids were found to be unnecessary and not optimal, exposing the patients to the avoidable risks. These data justify the further study to evaluate intravenous fluid use in children and the needs of continuing training on intravenous fluid management among healthcare providers. Trial registration: Trial registration: ACTRN12612001282875, Registered: 12/12/2012, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12612001282875

Background: Malaria Community Worker (CMW) has a crucial role in malaria prevention and control in the community. However, a number of studies showed that there is a lack of competence from MCW in carrying out its duties. Knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) can represent the behavior about health services. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of the Malaria Community Worker towards prevention and control of malaria in Kokap, Kulon Progo. Methods: KAP survey with cross-sectional design was conducted in this study. CMW from Puskesmas Kokap I (n = 8) was asked to fill out a KAP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25. Results: The study found that 100% of respondents (n = 8) obtained high knowledge scores with the highest aspect on understanding about malaria and the lowest on diagnosis. The attitude score showed a moderate attitude for 100% of respondents (n = 8) with the highest aspect was fogging for malaria prevention and the lowest was the attitude that malaria is a serious disease. Meanwhile, the score of practice described good practice in 100% of respondents (n = 8) with the lowest part was compiling daily/weekly reports to the malaria program coordinator of Primary Health Care. From the observations, there was no significant correlation (p> 0.05) between demographic characteristics and between knowledge, attitudes and practice. Conclusion: The CMWs had a high knowledge score, moderate attitude, and good practice towards malaria prevention and control. Further studies with a larger sample are recommended for future study. CMW training is also recommended to improve the KAP of CMW.

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