Logo(s) of EFSA supporting publication 2015: Any enquiries related to this output should be addressed to pesticides.peerreview@efsa.europa.eu Suggested citation: Fryday S, Tiede K and Stein J, 2015. Scientific services to support EFSA systematic reviews: Lot 5 Systematic literature review on the neonicotinoids (namely active substances clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) and the risks to bees. EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-756, 656 pp.Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu/publications ABSTRACT The overall objective of this review is to contribute to producing the evidence base for risk assessment of the three neonicotinoids thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid to bees (including honeybees, bumblebees, solitary bees), by performing two systematic reviews to inform exposure assessment and adverse effect characterisation. This report describes the results of the electronic literature search identifying those references included and the reasons for exclusion. All references obtained were screened for full text content. A total of 178 papers were identified as containing data on exposure (Question 1) and 201 with effects data (Question 2). Data from the included references was extracted and used to produce spreadsheets and data tables. Selected excluded papers and key included papers were hand searched for potentially relevant references that were not identified in the ELS and listed separately. In addition a secondary ELS was conducted towards the end of the project to identify any more recent sources of data. The results of this were also listed separately to the results of the primary search.

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Anxiety disorders, the most common psychiatric conditions in the United States, have generated a great deal of research and scientific debate. Panic disorder, the best-studied anxiety disorder, is often believed to be either a biological disease or a psychological disease. The authors present a neuroanatomical model of panic disorder that attempts to reconcile these views. The model locates the three components of the disease--the acute panic attack, anticipatory anxiety, and phobic avoidance--in three specific sites of the CNS: the brainstem, limbic system, and prefrontal cortex, respectively. The authors suggest experiments to test their model.

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