We have measured Faraday Rotation Measures (RM) at Arecibo Observatory for 36 pulsars, 17 of them new. We combine these and earlier measurements to study the galactic magnetic field and its possible temporal variations. Many RM values have changed significantly on several-year timescales, but these variations probably do not reflect interstellar magnetic field changes. By studying the distribution of pulsar RMs near the plane in conjunction with the new NE2001 electron density model, we note the following structures in the first galactic longitude quadrant: (1) The local field reversal can be traced as a null in RM in a 0.5-kpc wide strip interior to the Solar Circle, extending ∼ 7 kpc around the Galaxy.(2) Steadily increasing RMs in a 1-kpc wide strip interior to the local field reversal, and also in the wedge bounded by 42 < l < 52 • , indicate that the large-scale field is approximately steady from the local reversal in to the Sagittarius arm. (3) The RMs in the 1-kpc wide strip interior to the Sagittarius arm indicate another field reversal in this strip. (4) The RMs in a final 1-kpc wide interior strip, straddling the Scutum arm, also support a second field reversal interior to the Sun, between the Sagittarius and Scutum arms. (5) Exterior to the nearby reversal, RMs from 60 < l < 78 • show evidence for two reversals, on the near and far side of the Perseus arm. (6) In general, the maxima in the large-scale fields tend to lie along the spiral arms, while the field minima tend to be found between them.We have also determined polarized profiles of 48 pulsars at 430 MHz. We present morphological pulse profile classifications (Rankin 1983) of the pulsars, based on our new measurements and previously published data.

We report a proof-of-principle experiment where the refractive index of an atomic vapor is enhanced while maintaining vanishing absorption of the beam. The key idea is to drive alkali atoms in a vapor with appropriate control lasers and induce a gain resonance and an absorption resonance for a probe beam in a two-photon Raman configuration. The strength and the position of these two resonances can be manipulated by changing the parameters of the control lasers. By using the interference between these two resonances, we obtain an enhanced refractive index without an increase in the absorption.

We present results from multi-epoch neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption observations of six bright pulsars with the Arecibo telescope. Moving through the interstellar medium (ISM) with transverse velocities of 10-150 AU yr −1 , these pulsars have swept across 1-200 AU over the course of our experiment, allowing us to probe the existence and properties of the tiny scale atomic structure (TSAS) in the cold neutral medium (CNM). While most of the observed pulsars show no significant change in their HI absorption spectra, we have identified at least two clear TSAS-induced opacity variations in the direction of B1929+10. These observations require strong spatial inhomogeneities in either the TSAS clouds' physical properties themselves or else in the clouds' galactic distribution. While TSAS is occasionally detected on spatial scales down to 10 AU, it is too rare to be characterized by a spectrum of turbulent CNM fluctuations on scales of 10 1−3 AU, as previously suggested by some work. In the direction of B1929+10, an apparent correlation between TSAS and interstellar clouds inside the warm Local Bubble (LB) indicates that TSAS may be tracing the fragmentation of the LB wall via hydrodynamic instabilities. While similar fragmentation events occur frequently throughout the ISM, the warm medium surrounding these cold cloudlets induces a natural selection effect wherein small TSAS clouds evaporate quickly and are rare, while large clouds survive longer and become a general property of the ISM.

We report on preliminary results from the recent multiepoch neutral hydrogen absorption measurements toward three pulsars, B0823ϩ26, B1133ϩ16, and B2016ϩ28, using the Arecibo telescope. We do not find significant variations in optical depth profiles over periods of 0.3 and 9-10 yr or on spatial scales of 10-20 and 70-85 AU. The large number of nondetections of the tiny-scale atomic structure suggests that the AU-sized structure is not ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and could be quite a rare phenomenon.

We report on a broadband OPCPA system, pumped at 515 nm by frequency doubled Yb:YAG thin disk lasers. The system delivers 11.3 mJ pulses at a central wavelength of 800 nm with a spatial beam quality of M² = 1.25 and > 25% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency. The broadband pulses were demonstrated to be compressible to 12 fs using a chirped mirror compressor.