Effects of Marginalization on School Physical Education Programs: A Literature ReviewThroughout the United States, there has been a surge of testing children at all grade levels and subjects. These tests have led to demands and requests for children and teachers to be more accountable for what they learn and what they teach, respectively. These tests have continued to show that children in the

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A scientific framework for this study is the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts, and the psychology of sport using the concepts of goal, task and success. The problem and aim of this study was an explanation of "perception of success" in groups of adults practising martial arts. Is perception of success influenced by the respondents' social background or the type of martial art practised? Would there be any differences in results depending on their country of origin and residence, and if so, what results? The research was done within the framework of the IMACSSS.1A/2011: "Social determinants of participation in martial arts schools and clubs". The tool was Perception of Success Questionnaire, which was used to survey a number of respondents from the United States, the Czech Republic and Poland, who were selected randomly and participated voluntarily. The statements and calculations have been ranked by more or less contact forms of martial arts. The results obtained in this study indicate a poor relationship between perception of success and the type of fighting style practised and a measurable relationship between the perception of success and social origin. There is a weak relationship in perception of success by respondents from American or European cultures.

Background. A theoretical framework (perspective) for taken deliberations and analysis gives a humanistic theory of martial arts and martial arts anthropology. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of technical forms for teaching martial arts on example karate and taekwondo. The problem is: Are the forms (kata, poomsae) required to properly teach karate or taekwondo today? Method. Consideration will be given by expressions of Grand Masters, recognized master teachers, experts of karate practice, and study all appropriate literature. It is a broad analysis of the discourse and authors own long-term participant observation over the last thirty years. Results. Most experts agree that the technical forms are still the appropriate method of teaching karate and similar martial arts. On the other hand, kata/poomsae exercise only hamper full mastery of the martial arts. An analysis of five forms karate Idokan style was presented as well. Conclusions. The ratio of trainees to fighting, technical forms and training varies. Similarly diverse are the opinions of experts on the forms - their meaning and current relevance. Most authorities, experts and authors recognize that training in these traditional technical forms is the important, permanent value, as a method of teaching and learning karate, taekwondo and other, similar martial arts.

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