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Please cite this article as: Liu, Y.-Q., Tay, J.-H., Fast formation of aerobic granules by combining strong hydraulic selection pressure with overstressed organic loading rate, Water Research (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.015. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. that reactor configuration and fluid flow pattern had no effect on the aerobic granulation 28 when the fast granulation strategy was employed, but biomass accumulation experienced a 29 short lag phase too in Reactor 5 and Reactor 6. Although overstressed OLR was favorable for 30 fast granulation, it also led to the fluffy granules after around two-week operation. However, 31 the stable 6-month operation of Reactor 3 demonstrated that the rapidly formed granules 32 were able to maintain long-term stability by reducing OLR from 12 g COD/L·d to 6 g 33 COD/L·d. A mechanism of fast granulation with the strategy of combined strong HSP and 34 OLR was proposed to explain results and guide the operation with this fast strategy. 35 36

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