Use of Reclaimed Wastewater for Concrete Mixing

The feasibility of using treated industrial wastewater to produce concrete

“…Considering Table 4, the cement used to produce concrete and mortar samples were satisfied with ASTM C150/ C150M-16. 24 The cement density was also equal to 3.6 g/cm 3 . Figure 4 indicates the results of the normal consistency test of cement.…”

“…This study indicated that the compressive strength of concrete samples made with 100% drinking water was higher than concrete samples mixed with water containing 25 to 100% of treated wastewater. 3 Chini and Muszynsk illustrated that using concrete wash water to produce concrete samples did not a profound effect on the static properties of fresh concrete such as specific gravity, air percent, compressive strength, and flexural strength. 4 Borger et al used concrete wash water to produce mortar cement and studied compressive strength against sulfate, workability, and setting time.…”

Impacts of booming concrete production on water resources worldwide

“…Because little water is actually in the concrete 'product' , improved supply chain efficiency could significantly reduce the water demand of concrete production. Additionally, using more recycled or reclaimed water as batch water has been an area of research for 30 years 30 and could aid in reducing water consumption values if broadly incorporated into practice. However, improvements must be considered in the context of any additional environmental burdens that may be accrued through their implementation.…”

“…As such, improvement measures for either embodied energy or CO 2 emissions may not similarly reduce water demand. Furthermore, the most commonly examined means to reduce water consumption in concrete production has been the reduction of batch water, the water used as a constituent in concrete 30,31 , because drinking-quality water is typically used to avoid the introduction of undesirable substances to concrete and its consumption can be NATure SuSTAINAbIlITy a burden in regions with a limited freshwater supply 32 . However, batch water accounts for only 13% of the water consumption associated with concrete production.…”

Durability of Portland Slag Cement Mortar Made With Non Potable Water

“…Most of the codes consider potable water to be satisfactory for both mixing and curing of concrete and stipulate permissible limits for solids and aggressive chemicals. .However, In recent years, attention has been focused on the potential for various aspects of wastewater reuse, although previous research was performed on the use of wastewater that were produced from the water treatment plants and industries for making concrete and reported that no adverse effects on concrete properties in fresh and hardened state [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Also [1,17] stated that the compressive strength of the cubes made of water with unknown chemical composition not to be less than 90% of cubes made with potable water.…”