A highly sensitive and selective glucose biosensor has been developed based on immobilization of glucose oxidase within mesoporous carbon nanotube -titania -Nafion composite film coated on a platinized glassy carbon electrode. Synergistic electrocatalytic activity of carbon nanotubes and electrodeposited platinum nanoparticles on electrode surface resulted in an efficient reduction of hydrogen peroxide, allowing the sensitive and selective quantitation of glucose by the direct reduction of enzymatically-liberated hydrogen peroxide at À 0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) without a mediator. The present biosensor responded linearly to glucose in the wide concentration range from 5.0 Â 10 À5 to 5.0 Â 10 À3 M with a good sensitivity of 154 mA M À1 cm À2. Due to the mesoporous nature of CNT -titaniaNafion composite film, the present biosensor exhibited very fast response time within 2 s. In addition, the present biosensor did not show any interference from large excess of ascorbic acid and uric acid.

A highly sensitive amperometric tyrosinase biosensor has been developed based on mesoporous composite films of carbon nanotube (CNT)-ZnO-Nafion composite film encapsulating tyrosinase on a glassy carbon electrode. Due to the mesoporous nature (diameter: 3.17 nm) of the composite film, the biosensor exhibits very fast response time of 2 s. The present biosensor shows an excellent sensitivity of 766 mA/M and a detection limit of 4.7 10 À8 M (S/N = 3) for phenol. The biosensor retains 88 % of its initial activity after 2 weeks of storage in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. The present biosensor exhibits good recovery for the spiked phenol in an industrial waste water sample.

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ADV plus LAM combination therapy is more effective in reducing viral load than switching to ADV or ETV 1.0 mg in patients with LAM-resistant CHB.

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