Synthesis and properties of electrochemiluminescent dinuclear Ru(II) complexes assembled with ester-bridged bis(bipyridine) ligands

Dinuclear metal complexes: multifunctional properties and applications

“…238 The ECL intensity for 208−210 bearing a conjugated bridging ligand was much higher than that of 205−207 containing a non-conjugated bridging ligand. It is worth noting that, similar to the previous work in 2009, 237 the complexes with a L3 ligand showed higher ECL intensity than that of complexes with L1 or L2 ligands.…”

“…In 2009, Kim et al reported a series of dinuclear Ru(II) complexes 193−204 with ester-bridged bis(bipyridine) ligands. 237 Their photophysical and ECL properties were studied, and the key findings are: 1) The maximum emission wavelength of symmetrical dinuclear complexes 199−204 with symmetrical BL3 and BL4 ligands is in the range of 623-628 nm, while the complexes 193−198 with asymmetrical BL1 and BL2 ligands showed blue-shifted emission (586-598 nm). 2) The ECL intensity of asymmetrical complexes 195−198 showed a remarkable enhancement compared to the others.…”

A novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor based on Ru(bpy)32 +immobilization on TiO2nanotube arrays and its application for detection of amines in water

“…Among various ECL reagents, tris(2,2bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy) 2+ 3 ] and its derivatives are most widely used due to their strong luminescence, highly electrochemical reversibility, chemical and photochemical stability, and excellent solubility in a variety of solvents [13][14][15][16]. Recently, considerable efforts have been focused on immobilizing the Ru(bpy) 2+ 3 reagent on an electrode surface since solution-phase reactants have some disadvantages such as signal loss due to diffusion of the ECL reagent out of the detection zone, relatively complex experimental setup, and high reagent consumption [17].…”

Synthesis and comparison study of electrochemiluminescence from mononuclear and corresponding heterodinuclear Ir–Ru complexes via an amide bond as a bridge

“…11 Late in the last century, Richter and Bard pioneeringly reported the ECL properties of a homodinuclear ruthenium complex using 1,4-bis(4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridin-4-yl)benzene as a bridge ligand, which generated much more intense ECL signals than mononuclear Ru (bpy) 3 2+ . 12 Subsequently, various kinds of skeletons have been designed to construct dinuclear and even multinuclear ruthenium-based ECL luminophores, including dendrimers, [13][14][15][16] dipeptides (lysine-lysine), 17 and widely-used polydentate ligands containing rigid (aromatic) [18][19][20] or flexible (aliphatic hydrocarbon) [21][22][23] bridge linkers. The multi-metallic ruthenium complexes demonstrated unique ECL properties compared with their corresponding mononuclear ruthenium complexes, particularly in the aspects of tuning generated potentials 18 and amplifying signals, 17 among others.…”