Maxillary sinus grafting is a dependable procedure that has been in use for a long time. However, clinical complications often arise. To prevent complications of maxillary sinus grafting, it is necessary to know the contra-indications, both for general implantation and for maxillary bone grafting. In addition, presence of various complications requires careful consideration of treatment method; therefore, dentists should be familiar with the treatment protocols. Complications can be divided into postoperative, immediate postoperative, and delayed postoperative complications. Particularly for the outpatient, it is necessary to quickly distinguish between treatable cases and cases for which transfer is required. The purpose of this review is to discuss the contra-indications, complications, and treatment options for complications of maxillary sinus graft.

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Purpose: Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is influenced by many factors. Using a contemporary registry, we evaluated variables associated with the use of warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (OACs). Materials and Methods: In the prospective multicenter CODE-AF registry, 10529 patients with AF were evaluated. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with the use of anticoagulants. Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.9±14.4 years, and 64.9% were men. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 2.6±1.7 and 1.8±1.1, respectively. In patients with high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2), OACs were used in 83.2%, including direct OAC in 68.8%. The most important factors for non-OAC treatment were end-stage renal disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.27; 95%