A review of complications of maxillary sinus augmentation and available treatment methods

Abstract

Maxillary sinus grafting is a dependable procedure that has been in use for a long time. However, clinical complications often arise. To prevent complications of maxillary sinus grafting, it is necessary to know the contra-indications, both for general implantation and for maxillary bone grafting. In addition, presence of various complications requires careful consideration of treatment method; therefore, dentists should be familiar with the treatment protocols. Complications can be divided into postoperative, immediate postoperative, and delayed postoperative complications. Particularly for the outpatient, it is necessary to quickly distinguish between treatable cases and cases for which transfer is required. The purpose of this review is to discuss the contra-indications, complications, and treatment options for complications of maxillary sinus graft.

Cone-beam computed tomography characterization of the intraosseous vascular canal in the lateral wall of the maxillary antrum

“…LAICs with a diameter less than 0.5 mm are difficult to detect on routine CBCT scans 19 . Furthermore, the diameter of the LAIC has clinical significance in surgical interventions in the posterior maxillary sinus antrum area as its alerts the surgeon to possible risk of hemorrhage during surgery 20 . The surgeon can adjust the location of the osteotomy window according to pre-surgical CBCT evaluation to avoid complications 9 .…”

“…The surgeon can adjust the location of the osteotomy window according to pre-surgical CBCT evaluation to avoid complications 9 . Despite a detailed radiographic examination of the surgical site, however, accidental exposure of the antral vessels, which might lead to bleeding, can occur 20 , 21 . This can be attributed to the heterogeneous pathways of the blood vessels, which can be partially intraosseous or completely extraosseous 22 .…”

A Minimally Invasive Technique for Short Spiral Implant Insertion with Contextual Crestal Sinus Lifting in the Atrophic Maxilla: A Preliminary Report

“…Moreover, the global time of rehabilitation (from the implant insertion to the final prosthetic rehabilitation) is certainly reduced, as it decreases from about 10–12 months for conventional sinus elevation to about 3–4 months without it [ 3 , 4 , 6 ].…”

“…Growing evidence exists in the literature regarding the use of short dental implants (usually considered as <10 mm in length) for the prosthetic rehabilitation of jaws with reduced vertical bone dimension [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Generally, one of the most challenge clinical condition for implant placement is surely the atrophic posterior maxilla, usually after teeth extraction or jaw surgery, and when the residual bone measures 4.5–6 mm in height on radiograms [ 1 , 3 , 8 ].…”

“…and postoperative complications (pain, swelling, bleeding, edema, hemosinus, sinus infection, sinusitis, graft or fixture migration or loss, oroantral fistula, etc.) are the main factors to consider when a maxillary sinus augmentation is required for implant placement [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”