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A two-stage anaerobic fluidized-bed membrane bioreactor (SAF-MBR) system was applied for the treatment of primary-settled domestic wastewater that was further pre-treated by either 10 μm filtration or 1 mm screening. While the different pre-treatment options resulted in different influent qualities, the effluent qualities were quite similar. In both cases at a total hydraulic retention time of 2.3 h and 25 °C, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removals were 84-91% and 92-94%, with effluent concentrations lower than 25 and 7 mg/L, respectively. With a membrane flux of 6-12 L/m(2)/h, trans-membrane pressure remained below 0.2 bar during 310 d of continuous operation without need for membrane chemical cleaning or backwashing. Biosolids production was estimated to be 0.028-0.049 g volatile suspended solids/g BOD5, which is far less than that with comparable aerobic processes. Electrical energy production from combined heat and power utilization of the total methane produced (gaseous and dissolved) was estimated to be more than sufficient for total system operation.

Business processes continue to play an important role in today's service-oriented enterprise computing systems. Mining, discovering, and integrating process-oriented services has attracted growing attention in the recent year. In this paper we present a quantitative approach to modeling and capturing the similarity and dissimilarity between different workflow designs. Concretely, we introduce a graph-based distance measure and a framework for utilizing this distance measure to mine the process repository and discover workflow designs that are similar to a given design pattern or to produce one integrated workflow design by merging two or more business workflows of similar designs. We derive the similarity measures by analyzing the workflow dependency graphs of the participating workflow processes. Such an analysis is conducted in two phases. We first convert each workflow dependency graph into a normalized process network matrix. Then we calculate the metric space distance between the normalized matrices. This distance measure can be used as a quantitative and qualitative tool in process mining, process merging, and process clustering, and ultimately it can reduce or minimize the costs involved in design, analysis, and evolution of workflow systems.

α,β-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), α,β-meATP; neurokinin-1, NK-1; single-cell reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction, single-cell RT-PCR; [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]-substance P, Sar-substance P.