The aim of this article is to analyse the initiative FC Barcelona Peace Tour 2013, in Israel and Palestine. This research is based on lengthy interviews with people associated with the initiative and the use of primary sources, both institutional and journalistic. Secondary sources have also been used, such as journalistic accounts of the initiative. The article thus examines the nature of FC Barcelona Peace Tour 2013, which it defines as an exercise in sports diplomacy, inspired by civil society and articulated through the club. The article concludes that FC Barcelona has been able to act as a mediator between two opposed communities due to the universal values linked to its brand and its nature as a "civic religion". This notwithstanding, the political problems that arose during the planning of the initiative highlight the geopolitical complexity of the Middle East and, by extension, the limits of sports diplomacy.
Place branding offers multiple possibilities for the economic development of territories, but it is necessary to understand well the implications of its implementation processes to control the mechanisms and projections of competitive identities. Firstly, this contribution sets the term “place brand” and the revision of its theoretical formulation in accordance with new multidisciplinary perspectives of analysis and new contemporary social challenges. Secondly, the factors that can lead to success or failure in the implementation of territorial brands are discussed from an applied perspective and as a result of the experience gained from several knowledge transfer projects led by the authors. To exemplify this second part, the authors start from the experiences accumulated in the conceptualization, development, and implementation of the brands of the Catalan cities of Vic and El Vendrell, as well as the supra-municipal brands of El Pla de l’Estany, Boscos de bruixes i bandolers, and L’Empordà, linked to the actions of county councils or associations. These investigations started from a similar triangulation method: semistructured interviews with local opinion leaders, focus groups for discussion with prescribing audiences, and citizen surveys based on simple random sampling. These projects highlight that, beyond the importance of the new brand for the management of the identity of the place and its economic promotion, cohesion and cooperation between political actors become a key element for its success and subsequent use throughout different mandates. The local and regional media are also presented as speakers and main ambassadors of the new brands’ storytelling. Resumen Las marcas de lugar ofrecen múltiples posibilidades para el desarrollo económico de los territorios, pero resulta necesario entender bien las implicaciones inherentes a sus procesos de implementación con el fin de encauzar los mecanismos y proyecciones de identidades competitivas. Esta contribución fija, en primer lugar, el término “marca de lugar”, y se revisa su formulación teórica de acuerdo con nuevas perspectivas multidisciplinares de análisis y los nuevos desafíos sociales contemporáneos. En segundo lugar y desde una perspectiva aplicada, se da a conocer, fruto de la experiencia acumulada a través de diversos proyectos de transferencia de conocimiento liderados por los autores de la comunicación, los factores que pueden conducir al éxito o al fracaso en la implantación de marcas territoriales. Para ejemplificar esta segunda parte, los autores parten de las experiencias acumuladas en la conceptualización, desarrollo e implementación de las marcas de las ciudades de Vic y El Vendrell, así como las marcas supramunicipales de El Pla de l’Estany, Boscos de bruixes i bandolers y L’Empordà, vinculadas a la acción de consejos comarcales o mancomunidades. Estas investigaciones han partido de una triangulación metodológica similar: entrevistas semiestructuradas a líderes de opinión locales, grupos focales de discusión con públicos prescriptores y encuestas a la ciudadanía a partir de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Estos proyectos ponen de relieve que, más allá de la importancia de la nueva marca para la gestión de la identidad del lugar y su promoción económica, la cohesión y cooperación entre actores políticos deviene un elemento clave para su éxito y posterior uso a lo largo de diferentes mandatos. También se presentan los medios de comunicación locales y comarcales como altavoces y principales embajadores del storytelling de la nueva marca.
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