Mushrooms of the genus Retiboletus contain the retipolides A–D (1, 6–8), unusual 14‐membered spiromacrolides with a biphenyl ether linkage. The structures of these metabolites suggested a biogenetic sequence starting from retipolide E (16), which could furnish the unique 2(3H)‐oxepinone unit of retipolide C (7) via an oxidative enlargement of the 4‐hydroxyphenyl ring. A subsequent O/C‐acyl shift would then lead to the cyclopenta[c]pyran system of retipolide A (1). The proposed precursor 16 was synthesized and subsequently detected in the fungal extract in addition to the probable biosynthetic intermediates butyrolactone II (13), tyrosol (14), and secoretipolide E (15). The structural elucidation of retipolide A (1) was accomplished after transformation into a methoxyfulvene derivative 2a, and the absolute (R) configuration of 1 was assigned by a single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the corresponding (S)‐sec‐butoxyfulvene analogue 2b. Some samples of R. retipes/ornatipes contained isoretipolide A (9), an isomer of 1 with a highly strained 12‐membered lactone ring incorporating two C,C‐coupled 4‐hydroxyphenyl units. A comparison of the CD spectrum of retipolide A (1) with those of the other retipolides and isoretipolide A (9) indicates that all of these macrolides possess R configuration. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Eine Blocksynthese zu 0-Glycopeptiden ist durch Umsetzung des Disaccharidhalogenides 10 mit L-Serin-oder L-Threonin-haltigen Peptid-Derivaten moglich. So ergibt die Umsetzung von 10 mit 8 stereoselektiv das L-Ser-L-Ser-Derivat 15, an das a-glycosidisch zwei Disaccharid-Reste geknupft sind. Diese Methode wird jedoch durch geringe Loslichkeiten von Peptid-Derivaten in Dichlormethan begrenzt. Universeller anwendbar ist eine stufenweise Synthese von 0-Glycopeptiden, bei der selektiv entblockierte Derivate von Disaccharid-Aminosauren nach den Methoden der Peptidchemie verknupft werden. So ergibt die Reaktion von 25 mit 29 in Gegenwart von EEDQ das Glycopeptid 30. Als bestes Entacylicrungs-Reagenz fur die Deblockierung der Saccharid-Einheiten im letzten Schritt hat sich Kaliumcyanid/Methanol/Ethanol bewahrt. Hiermit erfolgt auch Abspaltung der Benzoylgruppen ohne P-Eliminierung oder Racemisierung des Peptidteiles.Building Units of Oligosaccharides, LXVI ' ! -Synthesis of 0-Glycopeptide Blocks of Glycophorine A block synthesis to 0-glycopeptides can be realized by reaction of the disaccharide halide 10 with either L-serine-or L-threonine-containing peptide derivatives. Thus, the reaction of 10 with 8 yields stereoselectively the L-Ser-L-Ser derivative 15 in which two disaccharide residues are a-glycosidically linked to the peptide. However, this method is limited by the low solubilitics of peptide derivatives in dichloromcthane. A more general procedure represents the step-by-step synthesis of 0-glycopeptides in which selectively deblocked derivatives of disaccharide amino acids are combined by using the methods of peptide syntheses. An example is the reaction of 25 with 29 in the presence of EEDQ yielding the glycopeptide 30. The reagcnt potassium cyanide in methanol/ethanol proved to be the most suitable dcacylation reagent for the deblocking of the saccharide units in the last step. The benzoyl groups can be removed without p-elimination or racemization of the peptide part.In Glycoproteinen erfolgt die Verkniipfung der Kohlenhydrat-Sequenz mit der Proteinkette entweder N-glycosylisch uber L-Asparagin, oder 0-glycosidisch iiber L-Serin und L-Threonin ' ). Ein Element der Fundamentalstruktur der 0-Glycoproteine 1st in 1 wiedergegeben. Dic hierin enthaltene sogenannte Core-A-Struktur besteht aus dem &(1 -. + 3)-glycosidisch verknupften Disaccharid aus o-Galactose und N-Acetyl-D-gaiactosamin, das wiederum a-glycosidisch an L-Serin oder L-Threonin geknupft ist ').f~ VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D
Eine Blocksynthese zu O‐Glykopeptiden wie (VIII) (entspricht der Endsequenz des Glycophorin‐A‐N‐Antigen‐Typs) bzw. (IX) (Baustein im Glycophorin A) ist ausgehend von der Umsetzung des Disaccharidhalogenides (I) mit Ser‐(oder Thr‐)haltigen Peptidderivaten wie (II), (V) [‐ Primärprodukte (III) bzw. (VI); nachfolgende Überführung der Azido‐ in die Acetylaminogruppe: ‐ (IVa) bzw. (VIIa); nachfolgende Deblockierung: ‐ (IVb)‐(VIII) bzw. ‐+(VIIb)‐(IX)] möglich.
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