The purpose of this paper is to explain learning in sports and physical education (PE) from the perspective of enactive and ecological psychology. The learning process is first presented from the enactive perspective, and some relevant notions such as sensemaking and sensorimotor schemes are developed. Then, natural learning environments are described, and their importance in the human development process is explained. This is followed by a section devoted to the learner's experience in which some research methods are explained, such as neurophenomenology, in addition to self-confrontation, interviews aimed at bringing out the meaning, sensations, and emotions that performers experience when they are immersed in their sport or a PE class. The sections on the ecological approach deal with the attunement, calibration, the education of intention, and the importance of representative experimental designs. The last section addresses the main similarities and differences between the two approaches. Finally, we state our theoretical position in favor of a common project that brings together the main elements of both post-cognitive approaches.

El propósito de este estudio es analizar las barreras y apoyos que un grupo de profesores de Educación Física en Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid encuentran para desarrollar el enfoque por competencias en el desempeño de su trabajo. Los participantes fueron un grupo de profesores de Educación Física, hombres y mujeres, que tenían entre 1,6 a 22 años de experiencia, impartían docencia en centros educativos pertenecientes a diferentes direcciones de área territorial de la Comunidad de Madrid y recibieron su formación inicial antes y después de la aparición de las competencias en la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de Mayo, de Educación. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa. Se triangularon las técnicas de grupo de discusión, entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuestionario, analizando la información con Atlas.ti. Los resultados muestran que los participantes identifican más barreras que facilidades en la enseñanza por competencias. Estos obstáculos conciernen a ámbitos como el profesorado, la Administración, la organización escolar, el desarrollo curricular y el alumnado. Además, dado el distanciamiento entre las prescripciones curriculares y el currículo en acción, parece necesario reflexionar sobre el proceso de implantación del modelo competencial en los centros educativos.Palabras clave: competencias básicas; profesorado; educación secundaria; innovación educativa; reforma de la educación. ResumenCorrespondencia/correspondence: Jorge Agustín Zapatero Ayuso Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España Email: jorge.zapatero.a@gmail.comThe aim of this study is to highlight the difficulties that secondary school physical education teachers face when focussing their classes on the development of competencies. Participants were a group of physical education teachers, male and female, who had varied experience ranging from 1.6 to 22 years of direct teaching experience. All of the teachers of the study are teaching in the Madrid area and completed their teaching training either before or after the constitutional law of Education (2/2006, 3rd May) came into force for Secondary Education. The methodology used was qualitative. The techniques of focus group, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire were triangulated using Atlas.ti. The research findings show that the teachers encountered more disadvantages than advantages when the focus was on the development of competencies. Some of the obstacles faced were due to problems originating from teachers, Administration, the school organisation, the development of the curriculum and from students. The difference between official school regulations and curriculum and that which is applied, highlights the need for a reform and implementation of general common key competencies in all educational centres.Key words: key competencies; teacher; secondary education; educational innovation; educational reform. AbstractRecibido 7 de Junio de 2016 / Aceptado: 17 de Septiembre de 2016