O jundiá, Rhamdia quelen, é uma espécie de peixe nativa ainda pouco conhecida cientificamente, mas que tem atraído a atenção de produtores e pesquisadores devido a várias características favoráveis à sua inclusão na lista de peixes criados comercialmente no país. A freqüência alimentar é um fator importante dentro do manejo em piscicultura visando melhorar a eficiência produtiva e reduzir os custos de produção. O presente trabalho testou quatro regimes de arraçoamento (1, 2, 3 e 4 vezes ao dia) em intervalos regulares. Alevinos de jundiá (1,88g) foram estocados em 12 tanques de 4m² por 65 dias. A temperatura da água variou de 23 a 27ºC, durante o período experimental, e os peixes de todos os tratamentos apresentaram índices zootécnicos de desempenho (ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e crescimento especifico) semelhantes. Os peixes alimentados apenas uma vez ao dia tiveram crescimento semelhante àqueles alimentados duas a quatro vezes ao dia. Estes resultados contribuem para a otimização dos recursos necessários à produção comercial do jundiá em cativeiro.
G G G Gonadotro onadotro onadotro onadotrof f f fina coriônica humana e hormônio liberador de ina coriônica humana e hormônio liberador de ina coriônica humana e hormônio liberador de ina coriônica humana e hormônio liberador de gonadotro gonadotro gonadotro gonadotrof f f fina ina ina ina como indutores como indutores como indutores como indutores da reprodução da reprodução da reprodução da reprodução do do do do jundiá jundiá jundiá jundiá
Live diet (LD) dependence and the lack of suitable formulated diets (FD) are major constraints for the expansion of larviculture of many fish species. The low digestibility and nutritional quality of FD are factors that might explain their failure as a stand-alone starter food. To determine whether FD in combination with LD (zooplankton) may efficiently increase larval growth and survival of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), when compared to fish fed by either types of diet alone, jundiá larvae (5.57 mm; 1.41 mg) were initially stocked into 12 10-L aquaria (100 larvae per aquarium). Replicate groups (n=4) were fed ad libitum one of the three diets for 20 (when fed FD) or 48 days (when fed LD or the combined diets). Larvae fed FD alone presented significantly lower survival and growth rates as compared to larvae fed LD or a combination of both (co-fed). In addition, co-fed larvae grew better (170 mg) in relation to those fed solely with LD (110 mg). Such better performance of combined feeding indicates that most of the required nutrients are in balance when both diet sources are included. More can be learned about fish larvae nutrition by further testing the effect of feeding combined diets, which include zooplankton, than only testing new ingredients or protein sources commonly used in the elaboration of juvenile or adult fish feeds. Key words: feed, zooplankton, nutrition, silver catfish ALIMENTO VIVO E FORMULADO, CRESCIMENTO INICIAL E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE PÓS-LARVAS DE JUNDIÁ, Rhamdia quelenRESUMO: A larvicultura da maioria das espécies de peixes enfrenta o desafio da dependência do alimento vivo (AL) e da falta de dietas formuladas (DF) que atendam plenamente às necessidades das larvas. A baixa digestibilidade e a qualidade nutricional das DFs são alguns dos fatores que explicam o insucesso quando as larvas recebem apenas FD. Para avaliar o efeito da combinação da DF com o AL no crescimento e na sobrevivência de larvas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), comparando com o uso separado da DF ou do AL, larvas recém eclodidas (5,57 mm; 1,41 mg) foram estocadas inicialmente em 12 aquários de 10 L (100 larvas por aquário). Quatro réplicas foram alimentadas ad libitum com uma das três dietas por 20 (para DF) ou 48 dias (para AL ou a combinação DF + AL). As larvas alimentadas com apenas DF apresentaram crescimento e sobrevivência reduzidos quando comparadas àquelas alimentadas com AL ou a combinação DF + AL. Adicionalmente, as larvas do tratamento DF + AL apresentaram maior crescimento em peso (170 mg) que aquelas alimentadas apenas com AL (110 mg). O melhor desempenho das larvas alimentadas com DF + AL mostra que a maioria dos nutrientes exigidos pelas larvas é fornecida mais adequadamente quando ambas as dietas são fornecidas juntamente. Contudo, trabalhos sobre nutrição larval poderão contribuir ainda mais sobre a elucidação deste tema quando feitas comparações com o uso combinado de DF + AL, do que apenas testando isoladamente novos ingredientes e fontes protéicas normalmente utilizadas na elaboração de dietas para juvenis ...
The developmental stages for the embryonic and larval periods of the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) kept at different temperatures (21, 24, 27 and 30 degrees C) are described. Fish were analysed under light and scanning electron microscopy. For embryonic development, we described 25 stages, which were grouped into seven periods named zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching periods. For larval development, we defined three stages (early, mid, and late larvae). Additionally, the main ontogenetic events during the post-larvae and early juvenile periods were also described. This species presents a well developed lateral line and chemosensory systems that grow up during the larval period, maturing in the post-larvae. All tested temperatures are viable to R. quelen development, but a shorter incubation period was necessary to complete the development at lower temperatures. However, some malformations (heart edema) were verified at 30 degrees C.
-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological stability of sausages produced from mechanically separated fish meat (MSM) obtained from Nile tilapia filleting residues. Different heat treatments (pasteurization or smoking) and packaging systems (conventional or vacuum) were used. The sausages were characterized for chemical composition, weight loss, water activity, instrumental texture and sensorial analysis. Additionally, microbiological analysis, instrumental color, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) were assessed during storage. No presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. or coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was detected; however, the psychrotrophic count in pasteurized sausages exceeded the limits allowed for consumption. pH and lipid oxidation speed (TBARS) values were reduced when vacuum packaging was used. Volatile nitrogenous bases remained virtually constant during the storage period, and higher values were observed in smoked products. Pasteurized sausages remain stable for 10 and 15 days in conventional and vacuum packages, respectively, and smoked sausages remain stable for 25 and 45 days in conventional and vacuum packages, respectively.
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