No abstract

El presente artículo muestra parte de un trabajo investigativo que actualmente se adelanta sobre el desarrollo de la comprensión crítica en los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Lingüística y Literatura y de primer semestre de otros programas académicos de la Universidad La Gran Colombia. Su objetivo es proponer estrategias didácticas para realizar una lectura crítica. Por esta razón, se expone el recorrido teórico-metodológico que se ha realizado para crear dichas prácticas; en la primera parte, se revisa de modo introductorio la problemática que gira alrededor de la comprensión lectora; en segundo lugar, se presenta el marco referencial, que expone distintas perspectivas de la lectura como concepto científico. Acto seguido, se relaciona un aspecto fundamental para el progreso de la indagación que tiene que ver con la incorporación del Análisis Crítico del Discurso y su relación adyacente con el conocimiento de las realidades presentes en los textos. Finalmente, se registran algunos avances metodológicos sobre la posibilidad, proyección y necesidad de fomentar este tipo de práctica lectora en el aula universitaria.

Non-linear dynamic analyses methods generally provide a more adjusted modeling of the structural response for strong seismic events. Such a dynamic seismic nonlinear evaluation took place for six buildings: two 5 story-height, two 12 story-height and two 20 story-high and with a regular configuration. The structural systems of the buildings complied to the NSR-10 (Colombian earthquake resistant standard) and with the seismic microzoning of Bogotá. The analysis done to the previous structures used non-linear methodologies along with two time-histories corresponding to two well recorded earthquakes: Quetame earthquake circa 2008 and the Mesa de los Santos earthquake circa 2015. Said events characterized by records at Bogotá D.C. by the RAB (network of accelerometers of Bogotá). A structural evaluation using the nonlinear approach of a finite element software and following the FEMA 356 guidelines, the structural response to 81 seismic signals from the Mesa de los Santos earthquake and 78 from the Quetame earthquake helped in understanding the simulated behavior. Said signals included three perpendicular ground movements corresponding to the north-south, east-west and vertical directions. With the results of the non-linear dynamic analysis, plastic hinges helped in understanding the nonlinear structural response when the earthquakes hit separately. Based on the results, sway maps showing the results in the Y and X directions, clustered the most affected areas of the city. At the same time, a thorough analysis of moment connections at the first floor, at an intermediate floor and at the last floor of the buildings showed the capacity of the original design. The results suggest that steel buildings have a better structural performance when compared with reinforced concrete buildings that were also analyzed (nonlinear analysis) with real earthquake (in soft soils) in previous investigations.