The aim of this paper is to examine the state of higher education in Colombia and estimate the efficiency of different academic programs from institutions of higher education in the country. To estimate efficiency measures, we use stochastic frontier techniques and the results of the Saber Pro test. Estimations evaluate the effect of variables associated with the teaching staff and infrastructure of institutions, and environmental factors that are not directly under the control institutions, such as the family income and parental education. Results highlight the importance of environmental factors, suggesting that while many institutions have margin to improve their efficiency, many of them are restricted by the influence of students’ socioeconomic factors.
En este documento se describe el comportamiento reciente de algunos indicadores del sistema educativo colombiano tomando en consideración el efecto de la pandemia. Además, se evalúa empíricamente el impacto de un plan piloto de alternancia, ejecutado entre septiembre y diciembre de 2020, sobre los resultados de la prueba Saber 11 que se realizó en noviembre del mismo año. Los indicadores sobre educación básica y media revelan que la pandemia causó una mayor demanda por servicios de educación en colegios oficiales, aumentó las tasas de deserción y repitencia escolar y profundizó las brechas en el rendimiento académico. En educación superior se mantiene la tendencia descendente en el número de estudiantes matriculados, así como las brechas en el rendimiento académico, al considerar diferentes factores socioeconómicos de los estudiantes. Las estimaciones del ejercicio empírico, que evalúa la efectividad del plan de alternancia, indican que los estudiantes que participaron en el experimento obtuvieron en promedio mejores resultados en la prueba Saber 11 con respecto a los estudiantes que permanecieron en el esquema no presencial.
During the last two decades, domestic government bond markets have developed significantly in emerging economies. Although the financial sector has benefited accordingly, volatility in this market also has posed potential risks in terms of financial stability. This paper uses directed acyclic graphs and structural vector-autoregressive models to evaluate the impact of different shocks on both the public debt market and financial stability. Results suggest that inflation, the policy interest rate and indicators of risk perception are the variables that most affect the slope of the yield curve. In turn, when the slope increases, there is a positive contemporary effect on bank risk indicators.
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