Objective:The objective of the study was to compare disease beliefs and medication beliefs with adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension without diabetes mellitus. Methods: Comparative cross-sectional design in a population with arterial hypertension, two groups were integrated, a group of 137 adherent patients and a group of 129 non-adherent patients. The beliefs about the disease and beliefs about the medication were evaluated. The statistical analysis included Chisquared, odds ratio, and confidence interval for odds ratio. Results: In the group of adherent patients, 71.5% have an adequate belief of the disease, and in the group of non-adherent patients, 43.4% also have an adequate belief of the disease (p = 0.000). When the belief of the disease and beliefs about the medication are grouped, there is an association with adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients. Conclusions: There is an association between beliefs about the disease and medication with adherence to antihypertensive treatment.