The main purpose of this study is to gather information about the dimensions of the northern Colombian (Caribbean region) population, focusing on the dimensions of the hand and comparing them with measurements from other regions. Thirty-two hand dimensions were chosen and 120 males and 86 females were measured. Results indicated that there were differences between the dimensions of the hand for men and women, showing that men are larger. Also, there was a comparison made between some measurements of other studies in different regions of Colombia, the USA, Chile, Jordan, Korea and Japan. The results indicated important physiological differences between regions in Colombia and across countries. It was therefore concluded that differences in anthropometric measurements must be included in the design and procurement of machinery and apparatus in order to avoid productivity loss, occupational injuries or illness.
Introducción: La inmovilización con férula de yeso en miembro inferior es un procedimiento frecuente para niños en los servicios de urgencias, el cual no está exento de riesgos relacionados con la inmovilidad y presión, sobre estos factores los enfermeros tienen que adoptar cuidados preventivos.Objetivo: Comprobar la eficacia del parche-talonera polimérico en la prevención de úlceras iatrogénicas en niños inmovilizados con férula de yeso en miembro inferior.Material y Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorio preventivo sobre pacientes pediátricos de 0 a 14 años que precisen inmovilización con férula de yeso en miembro inferior. Se realizó muestreo consecutivo no probabilístico simple ciego. Análisis estadístico descriptivo de las variables y test de la X2 con las variables aplicación del parche y aparición de úlceras.Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de n=74 pacientes. Se objetivó úlcera en 21.7% de pacientes, piel íntegra (48.2%) y eritema que palidece 30.1%. Se aplicó el test de la X2 para las variables aplicación de parche polimérico y aparición de úlcera, obteniendo X2=0.135 con p=0.713, y por tanto, no existe significación estadística entre estas dos variables.Conclusiones: No existe relación directa entre la prevención de úlceras por presión en niños inmovilizados con férula de yeso y la aplicación de parche protector polimérico. Es fundamental que los enfermeros/as ofrezcan una educación sanitaria de calidad en los cuidados y mantenimiento de la férula para evitar complicaciones. Introduction: Immobilization with plaster cast in lower limb is a frequent procedure for children in the emergency services, which is not without risks related to immobility and pressure, on these factors nurses have to adopt preventive care.Objective: To verify the efficacy of the polymeric heel patch in the prevention of iatrogenic ulcers in children immobilized with a plaster splint in the lower limb.Material and method: Preventive randomized clinical trial on pediatric patients aged 0 to 14 years who require immobilization with a lower limb cast cast. Simple blind non-probabilistic consecutive sampling was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis of the variables and X2 test with the application variables of the patch and the appearance of ulcers.Results: A total sample of n = 74 patients was obtained. Ulcer was observed in 21.7% of patients, whole skin (48.2%) and erythema that pales 30.1%. The X2 test was applied for the application of polymer patch and ulcer appearance variables, obtaining X2 = 0.135 with p = 0.713, and therefore, there is no statistical significance between these two variables.Conclusions: There is no direct relationship between the prevention of pressure ulcers in children immobilized with plaster splint and the application of polymeric protective patch. It is very important that nurses offer a quality health education in the care and maintenance of the splint to avoid complications.
Objetivo: Analizar la morfología del raquis en escolares, comparar su forma en función del género y relacionar la aparición de anomalías con el peso de sus mochilas y el grado de incapacidad física. Material y Métodos: Se sometió a 219 escolares de entre 12 y 15 años (127 chicos y 92 chicas) a una medición de la situación de los cuerpos vertebrales y de la angulación de la columna torácica, lumbar y sacro-cadera mediante el uso del Spinal Mouse®, se pesaron sus mochilas y respondieron el cuestionario de Roland-Morris. Resultados: Las chicas presentaron mayor angulación en la zona torácica con unos valores de 24.4 ± 16.4º frente a 11.4 ± 17.9º de los chicos (p<0.05). No se encontraron diferencias entre chicos y chicas en la angulación de la zona lumbar, en la angulación de la zona sacro-cadera ni en la longitud de la columna vertebral. Las chicas presentaron mayor número de alteraciones en el raquis (p<0.001) y un mayor peso de las mochilas (p=0.007) que los chicos. En el cuestionario de Roland-Morris no se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo de chicas (1.0 ± 1.6 puntos) y de chicos (0.7 ± 1.3 puntos). Conclusiones: Las diferencias morfológicas encontradas entre chicos y chicas nos indican que los chicos escolares analizados presentan una rectificación de la zona torácica y que las chicas tienen una mayor curvatura entre la mayoría de las vértebras dorsales y lumbares, así como un mayor número de alteraciones en el raquis. Abstract. Objective: To analyze the morphology of the spine in school children, to compare spinal shape depending on gender, and to relate the appearance of anomalies with the weight of their backpacks and the degree of physical disability. Materials and methods: The position of the spinal vertebrae, as well as the thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic curvatures in standing position in 219 school children between 12 and 15 years old (127 boys and 92 girls) were measured using a Spinal Mouse®. Their backpacks were weighed and the students responded the Roland-Morris questionnaire. Results: Girls showed greater values on the thoracic curvature of the spine, with scores of 24.4 ± 16.4º versus 11.4 ± 17.9º in boys (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between boys and girls in the angulation of the lumbar area, in the pelvis tilt, or in the length of the spine. Girls showed more alterations in the spine (p<0.001) and greater backpack weight (p=0.007) than boys. No differences were found in the Roland-Morris questionnaire scores between girls (1.0 ± 1.6 points) and boys (0.7 ± 1.3 points). Conclusions: The morphological differences found between boys and girls indicate that the former present a rectification of the thoracic area, whereas the latter present a greater curvature between most of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, as well as a greater number of spine alterations.
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