This questionnaire allowed us to identify positive aspects of the EE, and areas to be improved in the specialty programs. The PHEEM is a useful instrument to evaluate the EE in Spanish-speaking participants of medical specialty programs.

The 50-item inventory is a valid instrument to measure the EE in postgraduate ambulatory setting in Chile. Large-scale administration of the ACLEEM questionnaire to evaluate its construct validity and reliability are the next steps to test the psychometric properties of the instrument.

Resumen. El artículo aborda la solidaridad como un vocablo de importante protagonismo cultural en nuestro país, tal que es empleado cotidianamente para resolver gran variedad de situaciones en que es necesario concitar la ayuda, como referente para la evaluación de la calidad moral de una acción, persona o colectivo, y hasta ha llegado a establecerse un mes de la solidaridad. Sin embargo, esta relevancia no ha sido acompañada de una línea correlativa en investigación social. En este contexto, el artículo se propone problematizar la noción de solidaridad, de tal forma de dejar de pensarla como dato, y poder comenzar su reflexión como un problema de estudio en la investigación social nacional.

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This article deals with the process of decision-making in the sphere of taxation in Argentina between 1920 and 1945, focusing on the possible influence of the economic elites in that process. Given the central role of decisions over taxation in any fiscal policy and the momentous transformations that occurred in the Argentine system during this period, analysis of this subject can provide a better understanding of the political role that economic elites in Argentina played between the first presidency of Hipólito Yrigoyen and the ascent of Juan Domingo Perón to the presidency in 1946. Drawing on three key episodes in Argentina policy-making -the attempt to introduce an income tax in 1923, the response to the Depression in 1931-32, and the crisis of 1942-43, this article suggests that parliamentary institutions had stronger resilience in Argentina than is usually believed, and corporatist arrangements became rooted in Argentina only with difficulties.