RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre as características morfológicas e produtivas de clones de palma-forrageira para identificação daqueles que contribuem diretamente na produção. Foram avaliados 50 clones de palma-forrageira estabelecidos no palmal há cinco anos e submetidos ao primeiro corte dois anos antes da avaliação. Foram avaliadas as características da planta e do cladódio, e os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, correlação de Pearson e pela análise de trilha das variáveis-independentes explicativas sobre a produção de matéria seca em t/ha/2anos (variável-dependente principal). A produção variou entre clones e foi maior nos clones 8, 782 e 418, cujas produções de matéria seca de 40,8; 18,1 e 12,1 t MS/ha/2anos, respectivamente. Houve baixa correlação entre quase todas as variáveis explicativas e a produção considerada variável principal, por isso, foi necessária a associação de características. As características altura associada à largura da planta explicaram melhor o potencial de produção de matéria seca em t/ha/2anos por apresentarem alta correlação com a produção (r = 0,71) e maior efeito direto (0,69). A seleção indireta e não-destrutiva para a produção deve ser baseada em plantas com maior altura e largura.Palavras-chave: análise de trilha, cactácea, morfologia, produtividade Relationship between morphological characteristics and productivity of cactus forage clonesABSTRACT -This research evaluated the relationship among the morphological and productive characteristics of clones of cactus forage for identification of those that directly contribute to the production. It was evaluated 50 clones of cactus forage planted five years ago and submitted to the first cut two years before the evaluation. Characteristics of the plant and of the cladode were evaluated and data were analyzed by descriptive characteristics, Pearson correlation and by path analysis of the explanatory independent variables on the dry matter production in t/ha/2 years (main dependent variable). Production varied among clones and it was the highest in clones 8, 782 e 418 whose dry matter production was of 40.8; 18.1 and 12.1 tMS/ha/2 years, respectively. There was a low correlation among almost all the explanatory variables and the production considered main variable, so, association of characteristics was needed. Characteristic height associated with plant width explained better the potential of dry matter production in t/ha/2 years because they presented a high correlation with production (r = 0.71) and the highest direct effect (0.69). Indirect and non destructive selection for production have to be based on higher and larger plants.Keys Words: cactus, morphology, path analyses, productivity Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia IntroduçãoA palma-forrageira Opuntia fícus indica Mill e Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck conhecida popularmente por palma-gigante e palma-miúda, tem sido largamente utilizada no Nordeste e vem sendo cultivada há várias décadas, por possibilitar a alimentação animal em períodos crítico...
-Caatinga is the most important biome for the livestock in the Brazilian semi-arid region. This review paper aimed to present information on different forage aspects of caatinga vegetation for ruminant feeding. Caatinga vegetation is formed mainly by shrubs and small trees, usually presenting thorns, deciduous leaves, and leaf abscission occurring frequently at the onset of the dry season. Additional components of the botanical composition in this biome includes the families cactaceae, bromeliaceae, and a herbaceous component formed by grasses, legumes, and forbs, often presenting annual cycle. Quantitative information of caatinga vegetation is scarce in the literature, mainly for the herbaceous stratum. Methodological aspects such as lack of standardization across evaluations make comparison regarding forage potential of caatinga plant species difficult. Index species must be identified within each caatinga type. Quantitative aspects of biological N 2 fixation by caatinga species have not been extensively studied. Regarding forage nutritive value, it is necessary to study N availability for ruminants in caatinga plants, since large proportion of this element may bind to fiber components (ADIN). Manipulation of caatinga vegetation is an alternative to change forage quantity and quality for grazing animals, affecting their performance as a result. Studies measuring qualitative and quantitative variability of native forage resources from caatinga are mandatory in order to improve animal feeding management, with the ultimate goal of creating sustainable animal production based on caatinga vegetation.Key Words: chemical composition, native plant, quantitative aspect, semi-arid Potencial de plantas forrageiras da Caatinga na alimentação de ruminantesRESUMO -Considerando a importância do bioma Caatinga na pecuária da região semiárida brasileira, o presente trabalho objetivou apresentar informações sobre diferentes aspectos forrageiros de plantas da caatinga, com vistas à alimentação de ruminantes. A vegetação de caatinga é constituída por arbustos e árvores de pequeno porte, geralmente dotados de espinhos, sendo caducifólias, em sua maioria, perdendo suas folhas no início da estação seca. Complementam ainda a composição botânica desse bioma, cactáceas, bromeliáceas e um componente herbáceo, formado por gramíneas e dicotiledôneas, predominantemente anuais. Informações, principalmente sobre o aspecto quantitativo de plantas da caatinga, notadamente para o estrato herbáceo ainda são escassas. Dificuldades e desuniformidade de metodologias de avaliação, além de falta de detalhamento das metodologias utilizadas, dificultam a comparação de resultados quanto ao potencial forrageiro de algumas plantas. A fixação biológica de N atmosférico por espécies da caatinga até o momento foi pouco estudada, notadamente quanto aos aspectos quantitativos.Faz-se necessária uma avaliação mais profunda sobre a disponibilidade do nitrogênio, uma vez que parte deste pode estar ligado a parede celular (NIDA). A manipulação da caatinga ...
A study was conducted to determine chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of eight spineless cactus cultivars grown in northeastern Brazil. Results showed that neutral detergent fiber was similar for all cultivars and averaged 249 g ? kg 21 6 7.3 SEM. Acid detergent fiber ranged between 148 g ? kg 21 and 207 g ? kg 21 with some significant differences between cultivars. Starch and water-soluble carbohydrates were similar for all cultivars and averaged 198 g ? kg 21 6 6.3 SEM and 155 g ? kg 21 6 9.0 SEM, respectively. Protein content was less than 50 g ? kg 21 with some significant differences between cultivars. Calcium was the mineral with the highest concentration followed by potassium and magnesium with no differences between cultivars. Effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were unaffected by cultivar and averaged 701 g ? kg 21 6 8.4 SEM and 503 g ? kg 21 6 5.8 SEM, respectively. It was concluded that cultivars had little impact on chemical composition and ruminal degradability of spineless cactus. Based on chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability, spineless cactus can be considered an excellent source of fermentable carbohydrates for grazing and nongrazing ruminants. Because of its high carbohydrate quality, spineless cactus can be used an emergency feed or as part of a complete diet providing that the diet contains an adequate amount of degradable protein. Resumen Se llevó a cabo un estudio para determinar la composición química y la degradación de nutrientes a nivel ruminal de ocho especies de cactus sin espinas producidas en el Noreste de Brazil. Los resultados demuestran que la fibra neutro detergente fue similar para todas la variedades con un promedio de 249 6 7.3 g ? kg 21. La fibra ácido detergente presentó un rango de 148 a 207 g ? kg 21 con algunas diferencias significativas entre especies. El almidón y los carbohidratos solubles en agua fueron tambie´n similares para todas las variedades con un promedio de 198 6 6.3 y 155 6 9.0 g ? kg 21 , respectivamente. El contenido de proteína fue menor que 50 g ? kg 21 con algunas diferencias significativas entre variedades. Calcio fue el mineral con las concentraciones más altas seguidas por K y Mg sin encontrar diferencias entre especies. La degradación ruminal efectiva tanto de la materia seca como de la fibra neutra detergente no fueron afectados por las especies y tuvieron un promedio de 701 6 8.4 y 503 6 5.8 g ? kg 21 , respectivamente. Se puede concluir que las especies tienen poco impacto en la composición química y la degradación ruminal de los cactus sin espinas. Basándose en la composición química y la degradabilidad ruminal in situ, los cactus sin espinas pueden considerarse como una fuente excelente de carbohidratos fermentables para rumiantes tanto en pastoreo como en no-pastoreo. Debido a la alta calidad de carbohidratos los cactus sin espinas pueden utilizarse como un alimento de emergencia o como parte de una dieta completa cuando esa dieta contiene una cantidad adecuada de prot...
RESUMO - Productivity and Chemical Composition of Tropical Grasses in the Forest Zone of PernambucoABSTRACT -This work was carried out to evaluate the productive potencial and chemical composition of five grasses (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Pioneiro, P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott; Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça, P. maximum Jacq cv. Tanzânia, e Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf. cv. Marandu). The cuts were performed at 35 days of intervals and 40 cm above ground. Pioneiro showed higher DM yield (7.35 t DM/ha/35 days) when compared to the Dwarf Elephantgrass (5.28 t DM/ha/35 days) and Tanzânia grass (5.23 t DM/ha/35 days), being similar to the others. Brachiaria brizantha presented the highest total tillering (538.72/m 2 ) however the aerial tiller weight was the lowest for this species. The cultivars of P. purpureum showed higher aerial tillering and lower basal tillering, when compared to the cultivars of P. maximum. The CP concentration ranged from 6.96 to 10.20% and the cultivar Pioneiro presented the highest value. No difference was found among the forages for NDF and ADF, and the mean values were 73.83 and 39.20%, respectively. At the evaluated cut interval, the forages presented a high proportion of leaves (> 80%), showing potential to be used on livestock pasturebased operations in the Forest Zone of Pernambuco.
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