Background Nerve growth factor (β-NGF) from llama seminal plasma has been described as a potent ovulatory and luteotrophic molecule after intramuscular or intrauterine infusion in llamas and alpacas. We tested the hypothesis that systemic administration of purified β-Nerve Growth Factor (β-NGF) during the preovulatory stage will up-regulate steroidogenic enzymes and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) gene expression in granulosa cells inducing a change in the progesterone/estradiol ratio in the follicular fluid in llamas. Methods Experiment I: Female llamas ( n = 64) were randomly assigned to receive an intramuscular administration of: a) 50 μg gonadorelin acetate (GnRH, Ovalyse, Pfizer Chile SA, Santiago, Chile, n = 16), b) 1.0 mg of purified llama β-NGF ( n = 16), or c) 1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS, negative control group, n = 16). An additional group of llamas ( n = 16) were mated with a fertile male. Follicular fluid and granulosa cells were collected from the preovulatory follicle at 10 or 20 h after treatment (Time 0 = administration of treatment, n = 8/treatment/time point) to determine progesterone/estradiol concentration and steroidogenic enzymes and VEGF gene expression at both time points. Experiment II: Granulosa cells were collected from preovulatory follicles from llamas ( n = 24) using ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle aspiration for in vitro culture to determine mRNA relative expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) and VEGF at 10 or 20 h ( n = 4 replicates) and progesterone secretion at 48 h ( n = 4 replicates) after LH or β-NGF treatment. Results Experiment I: There was a significant increase in the progesterone/estradiol ratio in mated llamas or treated with GnRH or purified β-NGF. There was a significant downregulation in the mRNA expression of Aromatase (CYP19A1/P450 Arom) for both time points in llamas mated or treated with GnRH or llama purified β-NGF with respect to the control group. All treatments except β-NGF (20 h) significantly up regulated the mRNA expression of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) whereas the expression of StAR and Side-Chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1/P450scc) where significantly up regulated only by mating (20 h), or β-NGF at 10 or 20 h after treatment. VEGF was up regulated only in those llamas submitted to mating (10 h) or treated with purified β-NGF (10 and 20 h). Experiment II: Only β-NGF treatment induced an increase of mRNA abundance of StAR from llama granulosa cells at 20 h of in vitro culture. There was a significant increase on mRNA abundance of VEGF at 10 and 20 h of in vitro ...
P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc/CYP11A1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1) at 10 and 20 h of treatment. Application of the MAPK inhibitor U0126 resulted in downregulation of the genes encoding these enzymes. β-NGF also enhanced progesterone synthesis, which was prevented by the prior application of the MAPK inhibitor U0126. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that β-NGF activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results indicate that β-NGF exerts direct luteotropic effects on llama ovarian tissue via the ERK 1/2 pathway.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la tasa de producción de embriones in vitro hasta el estadio de blastocisto con dos medios de fertilización: FERT-TALP y TCM-199 modificado, cultivado en el medio BOEC, a partir de ovocitos recolectados por aspiración folicular de ovarios de vacas criollas obtenidos del matadero. Se recolectaron 281 ovocitos, 179 para el medio FERT-TALP y 144 para TCM-199 modificado. Los ovocitos fueron sometidos al proceso de maduración, fecundación y cultivo embrionario in vitro. Se obtuvo una tasa de clivaje de ovocitos de 25.8% en FERT-TALP y 2.4% en TCM-199 modificado a las 18 horas pos-fertilización. Asimismo, a las 48h se obtuvo 87.7% de clivaje total en FER-TALP y 40.5% en TCM-199 modificado, cuyo porcentaje de embriones con 4 a 8 células fue de 64.5 y 26.2% respectivamente. En la fase de mórula y blastocisto se alcanzó una tasa de 10.3 y 3.9% en FERT-TALP, respectivamente, mientras que ninguno se logró con el medio TCM-199 modificado.
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de GnRH, hCG y eCG aplicados 14 días después de la inseminación artificial a tiempo (IATF) fijo sobre la tasa de preñez y sobrevivencia embrionaria y fetal en vacas sometidas a estrés calórico. Las vacas (n=234) fueron sincronizadas e inseminadas y recibieron diferentes dosis hormonales vía i.m. 14 días después: a) Grupo control: 2 ml de suero fisiológico (n=56), b) Grupo GnRH: 100 µg de GnRH (n=58), Grupo c) hCG: 1500 UI de hCG (n=60), y d) Grupo eCG: 400 UI de eCG (n=60). El diagnóstico de gestación y la evaluación del número de cuerpos lúteos (CL) se determinó mediante ultrasonografía a los días 34, 45 y 60 de la IA. Las vacas tratadas con GnRH presentaron una mayor tasa de preñez (p<0.05) y sin diferencias significativas entre los demás grupos. La sobrevivencia embrionaria y fetal entre los días 45 y 60 fue constante en todos los grupos, pero ocurrió una muerte fetal en el grupo eCG. No hubo diferencia significativa en la proporción de cuerpos lúteos accesorios entre los grupos tratados y el grupo control a los 60 días de gestación. Se concluye que la administración de GnRH 14 días pos-IATF mejora la tasa de preñez en vacas lecheras sometidas a estrés calórico.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.