OBJETIVO: Estimar la frecuencia de alteraciones auditivas en neonatos pretérmino asu egreso de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales e identificar los factores deriesgo asociados.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y retrospectivo efectuado en pacientesprematuros nacidos en el Hospital Español de México entre 2014 y 2016. Variablesestudiadas: género, semanas de gestación al nacimiento, alteraciones neonatales yexposición a dos medicamentos ototóxicos. Se valoraron los potenciales evocadosauditivos del tallo cerebral (PEATC) en las 72 horas previas a su egreso de cuidados intensivos. Los riesgos se expresan con razón de momios (OR).RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 364 neonatos: 53% hombres y 47% mujeres; nacidos a las 34 semanas de gestación (mediana). Se encontró restricción del crecimiento intrauterinoen 12.9%, hiperbilirrubinemia 49.7%, sepsis 31.0%, hemorragia intraventricular 3.6%, encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica 1.4%, exposición a furosemida 11.0% y a aminoglucósidos64.6%. Las alteraciones encontradas en los PEATC fueron: alargamiento de la latencia interpico I-III en 37.9%, III-V en 4.4% y I-V en 13.5%. La onda I fue anormalen 6.6%, III en 1.9% y V en 10.4% de todos los casos.CONCLUSIONES: Se descubrieron cuatro factores de riesgo: hiperbilirrubinemia, sepsis,hemorragia intraventricular y el uso de furosemida, que incrementaron la probabilidad de sufrir defectos en la conducción auditiva en las latencias interpico I-III, III-V y I-V.La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino fue un factor protector para alteracione auditivas a nivel central.

RESUMENIntroducción: la parasitosis intestinal es un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en niños de dos meses a seis años de edad asistentes a guarderías en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: estudio transversal y retrospectivo, realizado entre noviembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 en una población total de 801 niños, asistentes a cuatro guarderías. Se analizaron los estudios de coproparasitoscópico que se solicitan anualmente. Resultados: la prevalencia para parasitosis intestinal fue de 19.1% (153/801), pero fue más alta en niños de tres años (56/151, 37.1%), y en desnutridos (18/21, 85.7%). El parásito preponderante fue Blastocystis hominis (45%), seguido de Endolimax nana (20.3%) y Giardia lamblia (10.5%). Conclusión: en comparación con otros estudios, la prevalencia de parasitosis en niños que asisten a guarderías fue baja. Existen factores, como la edad y el estado de nutrición, que modifican la prevalencia.

Introduction: There is still controversy about the usefulness of functional echocardiography (FnEC) in critically ill neonates. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the usefulness of the FnEC in the treatment decisions in neonates admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Materials and methods: This was a 1-year prospective study in a NICU. A trained cardiologist performed a FnEC to 72 h of life patients to evaluate the cardiac function and heart structure. We analyzed the clinical decisions after the findings. Results: Thirty-seven neonates underwent two FnEC: at the diagnosis and at follow-up. Eleven patients (29.7%) had structural and functional abnormalities, nine (24.3%) only functional, seven (18.9%) only structural, and in the rest, ten (27%) were normal. One change in the management occurred in 70% of the patients. The main changes were to the ventilatory support (63%), followed by inotropic support (19.5%) and fluid intake (10.8%). In all changes, we observed an improvement in the clinical conditions of the neonates. Conclusions: The FnEC allowed to determinate the cardiovascular structures and hemodynamic conditions of the patients and make more precise therapeutic modifications.

Introduction: Pediatric precordial pain is a frequent cause for pediatric consultation in the emergency room (ER) services -about 0.3-0.6% of all consultations -and it can cause a lot of stress to families who tend to associate it with a more severe pathology, this pathology mostly presents itself between the ages of 11 and 14 years. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the precordial pain's etiology and to analyze the semiology and approach toward the ailment by ER service in a private hospital. Methods: A retrospective, observational, descriptive, transversal study that took place from January 2014 to May 2017. Results: A total of 48 precordial pain patients were identified, four of them had a positive family background. Most of the pain was not referred as associated to symptoms, and the type of pain was non-specific in 62% of the cases. The most frequent duration of the pain was < 8 h in 54.1% and without any irradiation. There was only one case associated with the presence of cardiac precordial pain pathology regarding pulmonary hypertension; this signified an incidence of 2%, similar to what has been previously published in other articles.

Background:The foundations for the growth and optimal development of every human being are laid in the first 2 years of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to 6 months of age and the introduction of complementary feeding (CF) from this age are considered the preventive interventions with the most significant impact on a child's life. The objective of this study was to determine if pediatricians base their recommendations by following the Guidelines for CF in Healthy Infants (GCFHI) and if mothers have any awareness and knowledge of these recommendations. Methods: Surveys based on the GCFHI were conducted in a group of mothers (n = 377) and pediatricians (n = 104) living in Mexico. Results: Not all pediatricians recommended the EBF, and 76% recommended infant formula before 6 months of age. Regarding mothers, 76.9% practiced the EBF for the first 6 months. Vegetables were the leading starting food of CF suggested by pediatricians and mothers (87% and 91%, respectively), contrasting with food sources of iron (44%), which are the foods of choice according to the GCFHI. The practices performed by the mothers were statistically different from the recommendations of the pediatricians. Conclusions:The results reflect a lack of updating regarding CF. It is imperative to reinforce efforts to maintain the EBF for 6 months and to continue it together with the CF, as well as to promote the beginning of CF based on macro-and micro-nutrients.