This study analyses the influence of a metasurface coupled to a rectangular microstrip antenna. The proposed metasurface converts linearly polarised electromagnetic waves into circularly polarised electromagnetic waves. The rectangular microstrip antenna is designed to operate at 2.45 GHz. The metasurface is coupled to the antenna in order to provide a structure capable of radiating circularly polarised electromagnetic waves without the need for adjustments to the antenna feed. In this analysis, the metasurface was designed from unit cells, distributed in a periodic arrangement acting as a polariser, when coupled to the upper part of the antenna. The geometry of the unit cells and their distribution in the arrangement were calculated in order to obtain an axial ratio below 3 dB in the design frequency range. Prototypes of the microstrip antenna and the metasurface were constructed to obtain experimental results and it was possible to observe a good convergence between the simulated and measured results.
The increasing demand for electricity has led humans to a growing exposure to artificial sources of electromagnetic emission, making it essential to determine the intensity of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which is subject to the population of a given area. This Letter proposes an analysis of EMF exposure levels and spatial distribution over the region of the input and power circuits of a 230 kV/60 Hz air-insulated substation. For this, measurement protocols were determined based on current standards and from spatial interpolation methods, a contour map was developed, allowing a complete evaluation of the behaviour and levels of EMF throughout the region. The results obtained indicate that exposure levels in this region are below those recommended by regulatory agencies.
Resumo: O presente artigo contempla uma análise qualitativa do funcionamento de uma Antena Planar Dipolo Curvado, do tipo meander line e a sua aplicabilidade na Indústria 4.0. O termo Indústria 4.0 está diretamente relacionado com a Quarta Revolução Industrial, caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico inteligente. Como por exemplo, o aperfeiçoamento de sistemas que promovem automação de tarefas, controle e compartilhamento de dados por meio de redes sem fio que possibilitam a tomada de decisões em tempo real. Tecnologias de destaque originadas em meio a esse período, como a Internet of Things (IoT), estão associadas a conectividade facilitada existente entre o mundo físico e digital por meio da internet ou de elementos miniaturizados, gerando otimização nos processos fabris e rotineiros. Particularmente, as antenas planares se destacam nesse quesito, por proporcionarem a transmissão ou recepção de sinais por meio de ondas eletromagnéticas, apresentarem baixo custo de fabricação, pequeno volume e peso. O objetivo proposto foi projetar, simular e analisar uma antena meander line que opere na faixa de frequência ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) 2,4GHz, verificando sua eficácia para utilização na comunicação da Indústria 4.0. Com o auxílio do software HFSS®, foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios a respeito da frequência de ressonância e diagrama de radiação do dispositivo projetado, o qual alcançou um ganho máximo de -10dB.
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