It is suggested that both double teeth and other anomalies in the same children or in their siblings may be manifestations of a primary abnormality in the distribution of dental material.

The aims of the study were to assess speed, reliability, accuracy, and reproducibility in measuring mesiodistal tooth sizes, bicanine widths, bimolar widths, and arch lengths (ALs) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare them with the same measurements obtained using a two-dimensional (2D) Digital Method. Plaster study models were made for 27 patients and then digitalized and measured using a 2D Digital Method. CBCTs were undertaken on the same 27 patients using the Dental Picasso Master 3D® and the images obtained were then analysed using the InVivoDental program. The correlation study of the two measuring methods, which were compared by determining the regression parameters and the values of one method as opposed to the other, show how both methods are comparable, although the mean and standard deviation of all the measurements analysed present statistically significant differences for the first upper right premolar, first upper left molar, first lower left premolar, and second lower right premolar, as well for the lower intercanine distance and lower AL. The differences, however, are less than 1 per cent. CBCT digital models are as accurate and reliable as the digital models obtained from plaster casts. The differences existing between both methods are clinically acceptable.

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in 12- to 16-year-old Spanish schoolchildren using the aesthetic component (AC) and Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and to analyse the relationship with gender and age. The study followed the World Health Organization recommendations for oral health surveys. The sample comprised 655 schoolchildren (306 males and 349 females) who had not undergone orthodontic treatment, divided into two groups: 363 12-year-olds and 292 15- to 16-year-olds, out of a representative sample of the school population of the Valencian Community. The IOTN results were analysed with regard to gender using the chi-square test. Orthodontic treatment need, using the DHC, was found in 21.8 per cent of the 12-year-olds and in 17.1 per cent of the 15- to 16-year-olds; and with the AC in 4.4 and 2.4 per cent, respectively. Considering both components together, 23.5 per cent of the population [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 19.2-28.1] of 12-year-olds and 18.5 per cent (CI 95% 14.2-23.4) of 15- to 16-year-olds had a definite treatment need. No gender dependent differences were found. Spanish orthodontic treatment need is similar to that reported in most recent studies in Europe, with approximately one in five to six children with an orthodontic treatment need.