Introduction The steep population decline of the emblematic monarch butterfly is caused mainly by the reduction of food sources for caterpillars and adults, as well as disturbance in its overwintering forests. Although feeding at the overwintering sites in Mexico has long been considered unimportant, observations show that butterflies feed inside and outside of their forests on sunny days. Nectaring close to the hibernation colonies may be relevant for their conservation, as their reserves decline faster in disturbed forests. However, there are no systematic studies on nectar sources in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Michoacán, Mexico. Aims In this study, we identified and quantified the main plant species visited by butterflies for nectaring in the Reserve. Methods We collected systematic observational data on the flora and butterfly visits in three sanctuaries, around colonies formed between February and March of the 2019–2020 season. Results Butterflies fed on 29 plant species from 10 families. Most had white, yellow or blue flowers, were somewhat synanthropic and had their main flowering season in winter. The most visited species were Salvia mexicana and S. plurispicata, which were also the most abundant. By individual plant, Prunus serotina, Crataegus mexicana, Buddleja sessiliflora, Verbesina oncophora and Roldana albonervia were the most visited. Discussion/Implications for insect conservation The results point to possible interventions in support of the butterflies. The visited species are generally easy to encourage or cultivate and could be promoted in the surrounding agricultural areas.

En la perspectiva de la gestión integral del agua, el manejo de recursos de uso común y la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de riego, el presente trabajo analiza el diseño y funcionamiento de los módulos de riego del Distrito de Riego 061 Zamora (DR 061) y muestra aportes no considerados de los usuarios del riego en el mantenimiento de los sistemas. El diseño y funcionamiento organizativo se analizó en sus dimensiones de gobierno, administración y operación. Las aportaciones de los usuarios y ejidos se determinaron con base en una muestra de cuatro canales donde se identificaron las tareas que realizan los módulos y los usuarios para el acceso al agua y el mantenimiento. Los resultados muestran que existe un manejo centralizado burocrático en las tareas de distribución del agua y mantenimiento de la red principal, reelección permanente de autoridades de los módulos, diseño de cuotas de riego no consensuadas con los usuarios, morosidad en la recuperación de cuotas y falta de transparencia en la rendición de cuentas. Se calculó que las aportaciones de los usuarios superan trece veces lo invertido por los módulos, pero sus aportes no son considerados para la participación directa en la toma de decisiones y en el gobierno y la administración de los módulos, lo cual muestra limitaciones y deficiencias en el diseño organizativo por módulos que debilitan la autogestión y sostenibilidad de estas organizaciones.

The integrity of rivers is affected by anthropogenic activities at different spatial scales, from basin and landscape levels to the direct effects on the river and aquatic life. Our objective was to study these effects on the subtropical La Pasión River, analyzing environmental, geomorphological, habitat and water quality, and macroinvertebrates. We sampled the dry season (March 2022) because the river presented stable conditions. We selected the most influential variables in each spatial scale and determined their relationship with the indexes of quality characteristics and aquatic life in the river using multivariate statistics. Most sites (≈65%) had medium water and suboptimal habitat quality status, meanwhile half the sites had regular biotic integrity status; without finding coincidence in the quality of the different indexes applied, all sites indicated a high gradient of degradation from the origin to the mouth of the river. The presence of some families (e.g., Culicidae, Chironomidae, Lumbriculidae) indicated organic matter contamination. The main variables that significantly classified the river quality and integrity structure were water flow, turbidity, habitat embeddedness, and sulfates (χ2 = 0.1145, p < 0.01). It is concluded that the affected sites received wastewater without prior treatment and presented physical barriers such as irrigation channels.