Os níveis de ruído hospitalares encontram-se excessivamente elevados, especialmente no ambiente de UTI, em decorrência dos inúmeros alarmes e equipamentos, além da conversação da própria equipe hospitalar. Diante disso, esse ambiente, que deveria ser silencioso e tranqüilo, torna-se ruidoso, transformando-se em um grande fator de estresse e podendo gerar distúrbios fisiológicos e psicológicos tanto nos pacientes como nos funcionári-os dessa unidade. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o nível de pressão sonora equivalente em uma UTI geral, procurando estabelecer o período de maior exposição e comparando os resultados com as recomendações nacionais e internacionais. Forma de estudo: Estudo observacional. Material e Método: Medição do ruído ambiental da UTI do Hospital São Paulo através do analisador de ruído modelo 2260 (Brüel & Kjaer), em período total de 6.000 minutos e aferições a cada 27 segundos, configurado da seguinte forma: tempo de resposta rápido (Fast), medindo em decibel o nível de pressão sonora e usando a ponderação em freqüência A, de setembro de 2001 a junho de 2002 e sem o conhecimento dos funcionários do setor. Resultados: O nível de pressão sonora equivalente (L eq ) apresentou média de 65,36 dB(A) variando de 62,9 a 69,3 dB(A). Durante o período diurno a média do L eq foi de 65,23 dB(A) e para o período noturno, 63,89 dB(A). O L FMax encontrado foi de 108,4 dB(A) e o L FMin de 40 dB(A). Conclusões: O nível de ruído encontrado nessa UTI está acima do recomendado pela literatura em todos os períodos analisados. Dessa forma, as fontes produtoras de ruído excessivo precisam ser melhor identificadas para que possam ser tomadas as devidas medidas para atenuação desse ruído e tornar esse ambiente um local mais silencioso, beneficiando a função laborativa dos profissionais e a recuperação dos pacientes.

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The objective of the present study was to assess the incidence, risk factors and outcome of patients who develop acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care units. In this prospective observational study, 221 patients with a 48-h minimum stay, 18-year-old minimum age and absence of overt acute or chronic renal failure were included. Exclusion criteria were organ donors and renal transplantation patients. ARF was defined as a creatinine level above 1.5 mg/dL. Statistics were performed using Pearsons' χ 2 test, Student t-test, and Wilcoxon test. Multivariate analysis was run using all variables with P < 0.1 in the univariate analysis. ARF developed in 19.0% of the patients, with 76.19% resulting in death. Main risk factors (univariate analysis) were: higher intra-operative hydration and bleeding, higher death risk by APACHE II score, logist organ dysfunction system on the first day, mechanical ventilation, shock due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/sepsis, noradrenaline use, and plasma creatinine and urea levels on admission. Heart rate on admission (OR = 1.023 (1.002-1.044)), male gender (OR = 4.275 (1.340-13642)), shock due to SIRS/sepsis (OR = 8.590 (2.710-27.229)), higher intra-operative hydration (OR = 1.002 (1.000-1004)), and plasma urea on admission (OR = 1.012 (0.980-1044)) remained significant (multivariate analysis). The mortality risk factors (univariate analysis) were shock due to SIRS/sepsis, mechanical ventilation, blood stream infection, potassium and bicarbonate levels. Only potassium levels remained significant (P = 0.037). In conclusion, ARF has a high incidence, morbidity and mortality when it occurs in intensive care unit. There is a very close association with hemodynamic status and multiple organ dysfunction.

Background: The aim of this post hoc analysis of a large cohort study was to evaluate the association between night-time surgery and the occurrence of intraoperative adverse events (AEs) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Methods: LAS VEGAS (Local Assessment of Ventilatory Management During General Anesthesia for Surgery) was a prospective international 1-week study that enrolled adult patients undergoing surgical procedures with general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. Surgeries were defined as occurring during 'daytime' when induction of anaesthesia was between 8:00 AM and 7:59 PM, and as 'night-time' when induction was between 8:00 PM and 7:59 AM. Results: Of 9861 included patients, 555 (5.6%) underwent surgery during night-time. The proportion of patients who developed intraoperative AEs was higher during night-time surgery in unmatched (43.6% vs 34.1%; P<0.001) and propensity-matched analyses (43.7% vs 36.8%; P¼0.029). PPCs also occurred more often in patients who underwent night-time surgery (14% vs 10%; P¼0.004) in an unmatched cohort analysis, although not in a propensity-matched analysis (13.8% vs 11.8%; P¼0.39). In a multivariable regression model, including patient characteristics and types of surgery and anaesthesia, night-time surgery was independently associated with a higher incidence of intraoperative AEs (odds ratio: 1.44; 95% confidence interval: 1.09e1.90; P¼0.01), but not with a higher incidence of PPCs (odds ratio: 1.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.89e1.90; P¼0.15). Conclusions: Intraoperative adverse events and postoperative pulmonary complications occurred more often in patients undergoing night-time surgery. Imbalances in patients' clinical characteristics, types of surgery, and intraoperative management at night-time partially explained the higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, but not the higher incidence of adverse events. Clinical trial registration: NCT01601223.