RESUMO: "Produtos naturais inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase". A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma patologia neurodegenerativa, progressiva, que afeta principalmente a população idosa, responsável por 50-60% dos casos de demência em pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade. Os principais sintomas associado a DA envolve defi ciência orgânica cognitiva, principalmente perda de memória. Outras características associadas com os estágios avançados de DA inclui défi cit na linguagem, depressão, problemas de comportamento, inclusive agitação, alterações de humor e psicose.Um dos mais promissores caminhos para tratar esta doença é aumentar o nível de acetilcolina no cérebro usando inibidores da acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura das plantas e substâncias encontradas nas plantas, inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Foram levantadas 309 plantas e 260 substâncias isoladas de plantas que foram classifi cados em grupos químicos adequados, os modelo testados, e suas atividades. Foram consultados 175 referências.Unitermos: Inibidores da Acetilcolinesterase, AchE, doença de Alzheimer, distúrbios neurodegenetivos, plantas medicinais, produtos naturais, revisão.ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative pathology that primarily affects the elderly population, and is estimated to account for 50-60% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. The main symptoms associated with AD involve cognitive dysfunction, primarily memory loss. Other features associated with the later stages of AD include language defi cits, depression, behavioural problems including agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. One of the most promising approaches for treating this disease is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The present work reviews the literature on plants and plant-derived compounds inhibitors of enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The review refers to 309 plant extracts and 260 compounds isolated from plants, which are classifi ed in appropriate chemical groups and model tested, and cites their activity. For this purpose 175 references were consulted.

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The prevalence of candidiasis in the world is high. Candida species are able to create superficial and systemic infections. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, causing mycoses in immunocompromised patients as well as long-term antibiotic users. The present study objective was to evaluate in vitro anti-Candida effect of this compost isolated from Praxelis clematidea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the broth microdilution techniques. We also investigated possible flavonoid 5,7,4´trimethoxflavone (TMF) action on cell walls (0.8 M sorbitol) and cell membranes (TMF to ergosterol binding). The MIC50 of flavonoid were 64 g/mL and tha MFC50 was 64 g/mL. Involvement with the cell wall and ergosterol binding were comproved as possible mechanisms of action. In conclusion the flavonoid showed in vitro antifungal potential against strains of C. albicans.

Two new diterpenes of the ent-trachylobane type were isolated from the stems of Xylopia langsdorffiana, ent-7alpha-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (1) and ent-7alpha-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (2). The structures of these isolates were deduced by spectroscopic data interpretation. X-ray crystallography of 1 was used to confirm its structure. The cytotoxic activity of 1 against V79 fibroblasts and rat hepatocytes was investigated.