Resumen: La llegada de Cristóbal Colón a América en 1492 fue un acontecimiento que sacudió los cimientos del mundo occidental de la época. Una ingente cantidad de trabajos sobre esta cuestión se han centrado principalmente en el impacto que tuvo la llegada de los europeos al Nuevo Mundo, mientras que en mucha menor medida encontramos estudios que analicen el inmediato impacto americano en el Viejo Continente, especialmente en el campo de la historia cultural y del pensamiento. En este último ámbito menos trabajado se encuadraría esta investigación, cuyo objetivo es analizar algunos escenarios diplomáticos o de espionaje surgidos en la Europa de principios del siglo XVI a raíz de la primera empresa colombina. El trasfondo de estos contactos es un mosaico de los principales intereses de la época, entre los que podemos destacar la obtención de informaciones para la construcción de obras cartográficas, ambiciones comerciales o alianzas que inviertan los equilibrios de poder.
Abstract:The arrival of Cristobal Columbus to America in 1492 is considered an important event that shook the foundations of the Western world. A great number of works and investigations about this topic have been focused in the arrival of Europeans to the American continent and its effect rather than on the analysis of the immediate impact of America on the Old World, especially in the field of cultural and intellectual history. This investigation will study that last theme mentioned, being its aim the analysis of the diplomatic scenarios and the collection of intelligence that arose during the XVI century in Europe as a result of the first voyage of Columbus. The historical context of these contacts is a mosaic of the main interests and intrigues of that time. We can highlight among them: obtaining of information to aid in the construction of cartographic works, the development of commercial ambitions, and the forging of alliances that inverted the balance of power.José María MORENO MADRID. De espionaje y cartas náuticas: el impacto de América en la Europa de principios del siglo XVI.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar minuciosamente la trayectoria vital de fray Ignacio Muñoz, fraile dominico del siglo XVII enviado a servir a Filipinas. Especial interés reviste la utilización que el dominico hace de sus conocimientos científicos, adaptándolos a las necesidades del imperio español para conseguir el mecenazgo de Felipe IV. La documentación manuscrita del propio Muñoz y la emitida en respuesta por las instituciones españolas son las principales fuentes para el estudio.
Cartographic information was highly coveted in sixteenth century Europe, especially when it came from Portugal or Spain. Maps and nautical charts produced in the Iberian Peninsula were loaded with sensitive information about the new lands discovered, which made them the object of desire of rival or curious powers. Faced with this, the Spanish and Portuguese institutions tried to limit the excessive dispersion of cartographic material, using several legislative instruments. In theory, the circulation of cartographic information beyond Iberian imperial boundaries was strictly controlled, so the possibility of leakages or exchanges seemed very unlikely. In practice, both leaks and contact occurred constantly. The objective of this article is to illustrate this idea from the identification and analysis of concrete historical events in which the circulation of cartographic information took place. The chronological framework chosen is the sixteenth century, with Spain, Portugal and Italy as the main sites.
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