The recent (re-)emergence of gender-transformative approaches in the development sector has focused on transforming the gender norms, dynamics, and structures which perpetuate inequalities. Yet, the application of gender-transformative approaches within water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programing remains nascent as compared with other sectors. Adopting a feminist sensemaking approach drawing on literature and practice, this inquiry sought to document and critically reflect on the conceptualization and innovation of gender-transformative thinking in the Australian Government's Water for Women Fund. Through three sensemaking workshops and associated analysis, participants developed a conceptual framework and set of illustrative case examples to support WASH practitioners to integrate strengthened gender-transformative practice. The multi-layered framework contains varied entry points to support multi-disciplinary WASH teams integrating gender equality, as skills and resources permit. Initiatives can be categorized as insensitive, sensitive, responsive or transformative, and prompted by five common motivators (welfare, efficiency, equity, empowerment, and transformative requality). The framework has at its foundation two diverging tendencies: toward instrumental gender potential and toward transformative gender potential. The article draws on historical and recent WASH literature to illustrate the conceptual framework in relation to: (i) community mobilization, (ii) governance, service provision, and oversight, and (iii) enterprise development. The illustrative examples provide practical guidance for WASH practitioners integrating gendered thinking into programs, projects, and policies. We offer a working definition for gender-transformative WASH and reflect on how the acknowledgment, consideration, and transformation of gender inequalities can lead to simultaneously strengthened WASH outcomes and improved gender equality.

This issue of Frontiers of Sanitation explores the extent to which engaging men and boys in WASH processes is leading to transformative change in gender roles, attitudes, and sustainable change in reducing gender inequalities across households, communities, organisations, and policy. This document is an update to Frontiers Part 1 produced in 2018. In Part 1, the differing roles of men and boys were reviewed in terms of objects to change (i.e. to change sanitation or hygiene behaviours), agents of change (in promoting improved practices), and partners for change in gender-transformative WASH processes. This update reviews progress and provides practical examples of the opportunities and challenges with this endeavour. It also includes recommendations for those thinking about why and how to include engaging men and boys as part of their WASH programmes.

Ce numéro d’Aux Frontières de l’assainissement explore dans quelle mesure la mobilisation des hommes et des garçons dans les processus EAH peut être porteuse de transformation des rôles et des attitudes en matière de genre et d’un changement durable afin de réduire les inégalités de genre au sein des ménages, des communautés, des organisations et des politiques. Ce document est une mise à jour du numéro 11 de Frontières 1re partie, paru en 2018. Dans le numéro 11, les différents rôles des hommes et des garçons étaient passés en revue en termes d’objets à changer (c.-à-d. pour changer les comportements d’hygiène ou d’assainissement), d’agents du changement (pour promouvoir des pratiques améliorées), et de partenaires du changement dans les processus d’EAH porteurs de transformation en matière de genre. Cette mise à jour examine les progrès accomplis et fournit des exemples concrets d’opportunités saisies et de défis rencontrés dans le cadre de ces efforts. Elle englobe aussi des recommandations pour ceux qui cherchent à savoir comment et pourquoi inclure la mobilisation des hommes et des garçons dans leurs programmes d’EAH.

Este número de Fronteiras do Saneamento analisa até que ponto o envolvimento de homens e rapazes nos processos de WASH está a produzir a mudanças transformadoras nos papéis de género e nas atitudes, e mudanças sustentáveis na redução das desigualdades de género em famílias, comunidades, organizações e políticas. Este documento é uma actualização da 1ª parte de Fronteiras… produzida em 2018. Na 1ª Parte, os diversos papéis de homens e rapazes foram analisados como objectos da mudança (ou seja, para alterar comportamentos de saneamento ou higiene), agentes de mudança (na promoção de práticas melhoradas) e parceiros para a mudança nos processos de WASH que transformadores de género. A presente actualização analisa o progresso realizado e dá exemplos práticos das oportunidades e desafios deste empreendimento. Também inclui recomendações para aqueles que reflectem sobre como e porquê incluir o envolvimento de homens e rapazes nos seus programas WASH.