Physalis is an American plant genus that includes species of economic importance for their edible fruit. Consumption of this fruit is a historic tradition in Mexico. Physalis philadelphica is one of the most abundant species, which can grow under wild, weedy or cultivated conditions. It presents high morphological variability in terms of vegetative and reproductive traits; however, no study has been made of its genetic diversity or the impact of human activity on its diversity and differentiation patterns. We determined genetic parameters in nine populations representing a management gradient, including three wild, three weedy and three cultivated populations, using 88 inter-simple sequence repeat markers. The diversity of the total gene pool was high (Ht = 0.292, HT B = 0.319) and did not decrease with the intensity degree of management. Reproductive system, life form and the wide distribution determined the genetic variation of the taxon. AMOVA revealed high variation within the total gene pool (44.3 %) and among populations (46.7 %). This was influenced by pollinator behavior, dispersal form, geographic discontinuity of the studied populations and human selection. Variation among population management categories was lower (9 %), indicating that this variable has little effect, most likely due to the broad gene pool of the taxon. However, analysis of genetic distance and Bayesian assignment distinguished two groups: cultivated and wild, with weedy populations interspersed between. This result suggests that selection for agricultural and morphological attributes of P. philadelphica contributes to this differentiation. Future studies could address the evolutionary dynamics of the wild-weedy-domesticated complex.

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While IGP of G. punctipes on E. eremicus does occur under semi-field conditions, it does not adversely affect whitefly control. The concomitant use of these two natural enemies seems a valid option for inundative biological control programmes of T. vaporariorum in tomato. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Introduction Acute appendicitis can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children < 4 years old. The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of Alvarado score (AS), appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score, and pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) in children younger than 4 years. Materials and Methods All children younger than 4 years who underwent appendicectomy between 2005 and 2019 were included retrospectively. The diagnostic performance of the scores was analyzed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and by calculating the diagnostic performances at optimal criterion value cutoff points. Results In this study, 100 children were included (58 boys and 42 girls) with a median age of 39.5 (12–47) months. Ninety children were diagnosed with pathologically proven acute appendicitis. The area under ROC curve of AS was 0.73, AIR score was 0.79, and PAS was 0.69 (p > 0.05, respectively). In children with low risk of acute appendicitis, negative predictive values were 75.0% for AS, 50.0% for AIR score, and 66.7% for PAS (p < 0.05, respectively). The positive predictive values in children with high risk of acute appendicitis were of 92.7% for AS, 92.6% for AIR score, and 93.6% for PAS (p > 0.05, respectively). AS, AIR score, and PAS plus positive ultrasonography have 0.58, 0.49, and 0.88 area under ROC curve. Conclusion The three scores can be of assistance in the suspicion of acute appendicitis. PAS markedly improved combined with positive ultrasonography, but none can be used in setting the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in young children.