No estado de São Paulo, o jambu tem sido plantado visando a sua utilização industrial. No entanto, são poucos os trabalhos envolvendo a nutrição mineral e a adubação orgânica no jambu, fazendo com que os agricultores utilizem recomendações de adubação para outras culturas folhosas semelhantes e diferentes adubos. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes fontes de adubos orgânicos em cobertura na produção de jambu sob manejo orgânico. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, SP e no sítio Zodíaco, situado no bairro Demétria, município de Botucatu, SP. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos (adubos orgânicos em cobertura: ferticel®, provaso, torta de mamona, bokashi, farinha de casco e chifre e uma testemunha sem cobertura), utilizando delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas, em duas colheitas em cada local: massa da matéria fresca da parte vegetativa (MFPV), das inflorescências (MFINF) e total (MFT), número de inflorescências (NINF) e massa média por inflorescência (MMI). Foram obtidos aumentos de 158 e 78%; 103 e 101%; 143 e 86%; 144 e 85%, na MFPV, MFINFL, NINFL e MFT, respectivamente, com a utilização da farinha de casco e chifre (melhor tratamento, sem diferir da torta de mamona) em comparação ao controle no Sítio Zodíaco e Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que a farinha de casco e chifre e a torta de mamona foram os melhores adubos em ambos os cortes e localidades, com maior produção tanto de massa fresca como seca das partes vegetativas e reprodutivas do jambu.
Viticulture has great expressiveness within the world and national fruit sector, being able to generate employment and income in the most diverse regions of the world, and the world production of grapes, is around 77 tons of fruits. Brazil is among the world's largest grape producers, allowing to highlight the agroecological perspectives that are favorable to the exploration of numerous activities related to fruit growing tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. The objective of this work was to analyze grape production in the Southeast region of Brazil, in the period from 2016 to 2020, based on agricultural production data. The study focuses on the Southeast region of Brazil, considering for this study the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The data to generate the results were obtained from the research of municipal agricultural production, d theyears 2016 to 2020, where data were obtained regarding the indices of: harvested area, in hectare (ha); quanantidade produced, in kg/ha; and average yield of production, in Kg/ha-1, f ram also calculated the rate of variation in percentage and aritmetic rate of cresation, for the states and municipalities producing grape in the Southeast region of Brazil. From the data obtained, it is understood that viticulture has in the Southeast region of Brazil, edaphoclimatic conditions favorable to its cultivation and production, besides having a consumer market that is traditional and established, in the region itself, and the area harvested in hectare, jumped from 8,694, to 9,473 ha. This growth occurred mainly by the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, which had 8,018 and 1,223 hectares of harvested area, respectively. Followed by Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, with the smallest harvest area, in the 2016-2020 harvests. As well as, for the aritmetic growth rate of the municipality of João Pinheiro, in the State of Minas Gerais, it presented the highest production rate, which is equivalent to 286.7% p.a. It is concluded that, in the Southeast region of Brazil, a viticulture grows based on small properties, with solid family labor, whose objective is lucratividadand on production, and having adestination mainly for the internal market.
Introduction: In general, the creation system in Brazil has been characterized as an activity of great importance in the socio-economic market, as it generates employment and income opportunities. Aims: This work aims to carry out a brief bibliographical review regarding the use of sustainability indicators within the creation systems. Literature Review: The notion of sustainability is still a recent term and is under construction. Among the countless concepts of sustainability found in specialized literature, sustainability means the "possibility of continuously obtaining equal or superior conditions of life for a group of people and their successors in a given ecosystem. On the other hand, the concept of indicators, as well as for the concept of sustainability does not have a universal definition. Sustainability indicator “is an instrument that allows, based on its interpretation, to define the condition of a system as sustainable or not.” In other words, sustainability indicators can be understood as parameters, in which the assessment shows whether the limit, established according to the values and objectives that govern a given reality, was exceeded or respected.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar adubos orgânicos na produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de jambu. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) - UNESP e no sítio Zodíaco, situado no bairro Demétria, município de Botucatu, SP. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos, adubos em cobertura, sendo eles, ferticel®, provaso®, torta de mamona, bokashi, farinha de casco e chifre e um controle sem cobertura, em cinco repetições, utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados. Foram avaliados massa da matéria seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes nas inflorescências, parte vegetativa e parte aérea (inflorescências + parte vegetativa), em duas colheitas em cada área. Em relação a massa da matéria seca, o adubo casco e chifre resultou em maiores valores, 444,5; 322,5 g m-2; 1286,8; 540 g m-2; e 1730,8 e 860 g m-2 nas inflorescências, parte vegetativa e parte aérea, no sítio Zodíaco e na fazenda São Manuel, respectivamente. A ordem decrescente de acúmulo de nutrientes (g m-2) na parte aérea das plantas no sítio Zodíaco foi: K (54,37) > N (27,2) > Ca (7,4) > Mg (5,9) > P (4,8) > S (4,6), enquanto na Fazenda São Manuel foi K (23,25) > N (11,4) > Ca (5,3) > P (3,5) > Mg (2,3) > S (1,7).
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