This study analyses the historical background data on Spanish community nutrition by means of the study of the first attempts toward institutionalization which took place in the Nutrition and Food Hygiene Division of the Spanish National Health School, restricting the search to the 1930-1936 period. In conjunction with the training of the public healthcare professional in the subjects related to nutrition and diet, a research program was carried out which took in three major areas of work. In order to be able to ascertain what the average regular diet of Spaniards and to serve as guidance for the preventive measures aimed at achieving a proper diet, consumption-related studies and surveys were conducted. A study was made of the chemical composition of Spanish foods for the purpose of determining the possible lacks. Lastly, the health problems entailed in a deficient diet in risk groups such as diabetics were analyzed. The results of the research revealed that the average diet of Spaniards, especially those of the working classes, was far from being able to be considered balanced from the nutritional point of view. The greatest problems lay in a deficit of animal proteins, as well as major lacks in mineral and vitamin intake. The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936 halted the institutionalization process being carried out. It was only in the 1960's, following the parenthesis of the first stage of the Franco era, that the health authorities once again took an interest in these diet-related problems.

RESUMENLa Clorosis y la Neurastenia representan dos ejemplos históricos de disociaciones patológicas y de las dificultades que conlleva abordar su diagnóstico con los criterios de la mentalidad científico-natural. En el contexto de aquellas dificultades, el trabajo profundiza en la visión androcéntrica y el discurso ideológico con el que observaba la medicina española contemporánea a la naturaleza femenina y a las patologías de mujeres. Así mismo, a partir de las similitudes mostradas con los actuales síndromes del dolor y la fatiga, la investigación plantea la necesidad de revisar el abordaje clínico de éstas dolencias al intentar superar las limitaciones que ofrece el modelo biomédico.PALABRAS CLAVE: Clorosis; neurastenia, síndromes del dolor y la fatiga, categoría diagnósti-cas, disociaciones patológicas, género, medicina española contemporánea. DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORIES AND GENDER: TWO EXAMPLES IN CON-TEMPORARY SPANISH MEDICINE, CHLOROSIS AND NEURASTHENIA (1877-1936) ABSTRACTChlorosis and Neurasthenia are two classical examples of pathological dissociations and the difficulties involved in approaching their diagnosis using scientific-naturalistic criteria. In the realm of those difficulties, the study examines the androcentric viewpoint and the ideological perspective of Contemporary Spanish Medicine when addressing the feminine nature and women's pathologies. Moreover, based on the similarities with present-day pain and fatigue syndromes, the study under-

ResumenEl trabajo aborda, a través de la obra de José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010, la condición de intolerable social que alcanzó, a lo largo del siglo XX, el problema del hambre y la desnutrición. Así mismo, intenta mostrar la oportunidad que comportaba dicho reto, si como parecía razonable, se trataba de corregir los factores condicionantes que estaban detrás del hambre y la desnutrición, en particular la pobreza y la falta de equidad. Palabras clave: malnutrición, desnutrición, hambre, pobreza, historia (siglo XX), José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913Lecanda ( -2010) Abstract Work addresses, through the work of José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913Lecanda ( -2010, the condition of intolerable social reached throughout the 20th century, the OBETS.

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