Purpose of ReviewBiologics and small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are a rapidly growing class of highly efficacious therapies in the treatment of chronic immunologic and allergic conditions. With precision targeting of inflammatory signaling molecules, these new agents selectively modulate the immune system to treat a variety of conditions. Dermatologic diseases, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, are of particular interest due to the growing number of new biologics and SMIs in recent years. This review serves to summarize and evaluate the recent literature regarding biologics and SMIs. Recent Findings Currently approved biologics for AD achieve clear or almost clear skin in less than 40% of patients treated. Several biologics that are still under investigation for AD have shown better efficacy in phase III trials with similar safety profiles. Recently approved SMIs for AD also demonstrate a high degree of efficacy, but safety profiles may limit their use. Psoriasis has several highly efficacious biologics on the market; however, only one SMI is currently available. Additional SMIs for psoriasis have completed phase III trials and demonstrated high efficacy. Summary This article evaluates recent literature on biologics and small molecule inhibitors for AD and psoriasis. Keywords Atopic dermatitis • Psoriasis • Biologics • Small molecule inhibitorsThis article is part of the Topical Collection on Allergic Skin Diseases

The purpose of this article is to review the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis along with various disease mimickers. Traditionally, atopic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis with distinctive history, morphology, and distribution of pruritic eczematous lesions aiding in determining the condition and treatment. However, multiple other conditions may mimic atopic dermatitis, requiring further workup. We review diagnostic mimickers of atopic dermatitis and divide them into four major categories: immunodeficiencies, malignancies, nutritional deficiencies, and systemic disease. In addition, we organize a workup to be considered if there is a high suspicion for something other than atopic dermatitis. Although there are multiple other conditions that can mimic atopic dermatitis, there are gaps in not only considering them, but also in recognizing when to proceed with further workup and what to include.

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