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like transcript 1 as a natural killer cell-mediated immunotherapeutic target for triple negative breast cancer and prostate cancer.

Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated through a delicate balance of signals received from activating and inhibitory receptors interacting with ligands on the surface of target cells, playing a vital role in the innate immune response against cancer and infection. Cancer cells may evade NK-mediated killing by expressing ligands for NK cell inhibitory receptors. NKp44, a member of the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor (NCR) family, functions as an activating or inhibitory receptor. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) associates with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) I and forms the inhibitory ligand for NKp44, resulting in the inhibition of NK function. In this report, we have identified diffuse B cell lymphoma (DB) cells with cell surface PCNA have higher expression of cancer stem cell transcription factors as determined by cell sorting and qRT-PCR. We further demonstrate that the expression of cell surface PCNA is restricted to tumor cells exhibiting a cancer stem cell phenotype. Blocking the NKp44-PCNA interaction enhanced the killing of DB cells displaying cancer stem cell characteristics by NK cells. Characterization of stem cell transcription factors and cell surface PCNA may provide novel immunotherapeutic targets for cancer stem cells.

It is certified that the thesis entitled "Cloning and characterization of genes involved in polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis in Bacillus spp" which is submitted to the University of Mysore, Mysore, for the award of I further declare that the work presented in the thesis has not been submitted previously for the award of any degree or diploma or any other similar titles. 79: PHA production by recombinant E. coli in a fermentor with glucose as a substrate 80: Novel engineered pathway for scl-co-mcl PHA copolymer production by E. coli by E. coli strain JC7623ABC1J4