Background : Garlic is a plant which is used to treat various types of diseases, especially the ones caused by bacterial infection. Allicin in garlic is one of the active compounds which has an antibacterial effect. Some studies found  that garlic has an inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhi. Objective : This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of garlic juice against Salmonella typhi. Methods : This study was  an experimental-laboratory research using disc diffusion method on MHA media. This study used five concentrations, namely 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Amoxicillin and aquadest were used as positive and negative controls. The inhibition zone was determined by observing the clear zone around the disc then the results of the study were compared with positive control with CLSI 2017 guidance table where Salmonella typhi was susceptible when the amoxicillin inhibitory diameter zone was ≥ 17 mm, intermediate was 14-16 mm, and resistant was ≤ 13 mm. Results : The results showed that garlic juice has an antibacterial effect on various consentration. The minimum concentration of garlic juice to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi is on 50% with 19.25 mm diameters. Conclusion : There was an antibacterial effect of garlic juice on Salmonella typhi.

Penyakit tidak menular mempunyai angka mortalitas yang tinggi di dunia. Untuk mengendalikannya, kita perlu meminimalisir faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi, yaitu dengan perilaku CERDIK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik individu (jenis kelamin, suku, pengetahuan, riwayat penyakit tidak menular keluarga) dan dukungan sosial (dukungan emosional, instrumen, informasi dan penghargaan) terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit tidak menular. Penelitian ini merupakan desain potong lintang, data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 221 mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen yang aktif secara akademik yang direkrut dengan simple random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (72,9%), suku Batak Toba (61,5%), tidak mempunyai riwayat penyakit tidak menular dalam keluarga (50,2%), mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi (94,6%), mendapatkan dukungan sosial (96,5%), melaksanakan perilaku pencegahan CERDIK (66,5%), dan mendapatkan dukungan emosional (98,6%). Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan adalah dukungan sosial (p= 0,014; OR= 7,981), dan riwayat penyakit tidak menular dalam keluarga (p= 0,021; OR= 0,502). Pada komponen dukungan sosial, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit tidak menular adalah dukungan instrumental (p = 0,020; OR=  4,333). Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan dapat melihat sumber dan media dukungan sosial manakah yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan.

First published by Strubing in 1882, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a chronic acquired disorder characterized by the occurrence of intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria which commonly occurs when patients sleep at night, caused by cellular abnormalities due to somatic mutations that cause intrinsic damage on the red blood cell membrane, making it more susceptible to complement lysis. The incidence of PNH varies greatly in various populations and is more common in Southeast Asia. In general, the incidence is estimated to be 1 -1.5 cases / million population. This case is more common in young adults, but can also be found in children and parents. In general the clinical picture of PNH includes symptoms of anemia, hemoglobinia, signs of bleeding, and gastrointestinal complaints. Diagnosis can be determined through blood, urine, bone marrow and cytogenetic examination. We reported the case of a 21-year-old man with complaints of pale face, easy fatigue and tea colored urine in the morning. After several laboratory tests and aspiration of the bone marrow, PNH diagnosis is made. Glucocorticoids used as therapy, and patients are discharged with clinical improvement.

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado. Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019. Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment. Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05). Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.