Visando conhecer a dinâmica de cianobactérias e identificar os fatores que influenciam essa comunidade em região tropical semi-árida, foram realizadas coletas trimestrais (n=5) em seis reservatórios do Rio Grande do Norte, situados na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piranhas-Assu (04º S e 36º W), entre setembro/2002 a março/2004, abrangendo períodos de estiagem e chuva. O estado trófico dos reservatórios variou entre a eutrofia (na maior parte das amostragens), mesotrofia e hipereutrofia. A profundidade média (Zm), a condutividade elétrica e a razão TN/TP explicaram uma proporção significativa da variância das espécies do fitoplâncton. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi dominada por cianobactérias, com baixa riqueza de espécies e alta biomassa. O fitoplâncton foi representado basicamente por espécies de associação M (S/R estrategistas-Microcystis spp.) no período de chuvas e associação S 1 e sn (R estrategistas-Planktotrix e Cylindrospermopsis) na estiagem. Foi também observada alternância na dominância dessas espécies, co-ocorrendo com espécies de associação H, H 1 s 1 , (s R-filamentosas heterocitadas-Anabaena spp. e Aphanizomenon), K e Lo (C estrategistas), representadas por pequenas colônias de Aphanocapsa e Snowella, com menor importância de contribuição relativa. A dominância de cianobactérias e a presença de florações hepatotóxicas como conseqüência negativa da eutrofização representa uma ameaça constante e necessita de medidas de mitigação, visando à proteção da saúde humana e dos recursos hídricos. Palavras-chave: Fitoplâncton, eutrofização, hepatotoxinas, reservatórios tropicais ABSTRACT DYNAMICS OF CYANOBACTERIA IN EUTROPHIC WATER RESERVOIRS OF A SEMI-ARID REGION IN BRAZIL. the present paper reports on the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton in six eutrophic water reservoirs in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, during the dry and rainy periods between september/2002 and March/2004. the eutrophication state of the reservoirs oscillated between mesotrophic and hipertrophic, thus reflecting significant variation in the nutrient composition and local biomass of algae over time. Mean depth of the reservoirs, water specific conductance, and TN/TP ratio were determinant causes for the variation of phytoplankton species. The phytoplankton community was dominated by cyanobacteria, reflecting in poor species richness and elevated biomass. Most cyanobacteria were potentially toxin-producing species, and hepatotoxin-producing blooms were recurrent. the phytoplankton was basically composed by M-group species (sR-strategists-Microcystis spp.) during the rainy period, and of an association of s 1 and sn species (R-strategists-Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis) during the dry period. alternation between dominant species were also observed, which took place with associated species H, H 1 s 1 , (R-philamentous heterocystic algae-Anabaena spp. and Aphanizomenon), K species and Lo species (C-strategists) represented by small colonies of Aphanocapsa and Snowella, however with smaller relative biomass. Elevated cyanobacterial pop...
The use of domestic sewage in the agriculture is an alternative for reduction of the pollution of rivers, preservation of resources hydrics and availability of water and nutritious for plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobia inoculation on growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents in shoots of leguminous trees grown in an Alisol in northeastern Brazil. Irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobium inoculation affected significantly the growth parameters and nodulation of L. leucocephala and M. caesalpiniaefolia. Statistically higher values of shoot dry matter and plant height were observed in leguminous trees irrigated with sewage effluent, compared to treatment with water irrigation.Sewage effluent irrigation treatment also increased significantly the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in shoots of woody legumes studied after harvest. Inoculation with Rhizobium promoted significant increases in growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents, only when associated with application of sewage effluent.
The system consists of a partially aerated facultative pond with a polished area that treats the effluents of a soft drink industry in Brazil. This work concerns on the study of the longitudinal distribution as well as the analysis of the vertical profile of the main control parameters which exerts a direct influence on the metabolism of the system. The results show the existence of a horizontal thermal gradient between aerated and polishing zones, which is more intense at the surface of the first 40 metres. The vertical profile did not identify a tendency to thermal stratification. The constant gradient vertical of 0.1°C in the aerated and polishing zones characterizes an almost isothermal condition. The decrease of the effluent pH values was observed in the bottom layer of the pond. This indicates that the anaerobic digestion on the sedimented sludge incorporates acids in the liquid mass. The dissolved oxygen vertical distribution presents negative clinographic profile. The isolines in the aerated zone indicate good efficiency of oxygen transfer. In the polishing zone, concentrations above 2.0 mg/l were observed down to a depth of 1 m, possibly caused by photosynthetic activities.
A vermiculita e a quitosana vêm sendo amplamente estudadas para tratamento de efluentes contaminados com metais pesados por apresentarem, respectivamente, boa capacidade de troca iônica e complexação de metais. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a remoção de íons de Pb 2+ , utilizando-se um material híbrido de vermiculita com quitosana. A análise de BET revelou um aumento da área superficial de 1,8 para 21,6 m 2 /g e a análise por MEV mostrou um aumento da porosidade da vermiculita, após a modificação com quitosana. As análises de FTIR do material híbrido mostraram transições características dos dois materiais de partida. A capacidade de remoção dos íons Pb 2+ pelo material híbrido foi, em média, de 88,4% para efluentes com concentrações na faixa de 20-200 mg/L e de 64,2% para concentrações em torno de 1000 mg/L. A capacidade de remoção do material híbrido foi superior em até 12,7%, quando comparada aos materiais de partida, em diferentes condições experimentais.
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