Missing data are often problematic when analyzing complete longitudinal social network data. We review approaches for accommodating missing data when analyzing longitudinal network data with stochastic actor-based models. One common practice is to restrict analyses to participants observed at most or all time points, to achieve model convergence. We propose and evaluate an alternative, more inclusive approach to sub-setting and analyzing longitudinal network data, using data from a school friendship network observed at four waves (N =694). Compared to standard practices, our approach retained more information from partially observed participants, generated a more representative analytic sample, and led to less biased model estimates for this case study. The implications and potential applications for longitudinal network analysis are discussed.
We develop a class of exponential-family point processes based on a latent social space to model the coevolution of social structure and behavior over time. Temporal dynamics are modeled as a discrete Markov process specified through individual transition distributions for each actor in the system at a given time. We prove that these distributions have an analytic closed form under certain conditions and use the result to develop likelihood-based inference. We provide a computational framework to enable both simulation and inference in practice. Finally, we demonstrate the value of these models by analyzing alcohol and drug use over time in the context of adolescent friendship networks.
Collaboration networks are thought to be desirable to foster both individual and population productivity. Often programs are implemented to promote collaboration, for example, at academic institutions. However, few tools are available to assess the efficacy of these programs, and very few are datadriven. We carried out a survey at California State University, San Marcos during the 2012-2013 academic year to measure five types of collaboration ties among professors in five science departments at the university over time.During the time period of study, professors participated in NIH-sponsored curriculum development activities with members of other departments. It was hypothesized that participation in these activities would also foster overall collaboration between these departments.This survey enables the exploration of several methodological and theoretical challenges in network research. In this paper we develop a statistical approach to assess the impact of programmatic interventions on collaboration using model-assisted social network analysis. We derive and implement a hierarchical Bayesian approach to modeling error-prone responses in surveys and examine the effect of an intervention on network structure. Based on this analysis we find an increase in educational collaboration over time after adjusting for the length of time each professor had to form collaborative ties at the university.
R® is a registered trademark Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RANDMake a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.orgiii Preface Sophisticated techniques have been created to analyze complete and ego-centric network data, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, from networks ranging from fewer than ten nodes to more than a million nodes. However, the impact of network-based study designs on methodologies that apply social network analysis to understand specific substantive questions is largely unknown. From empirical research, social network theory, and methodology, we know quite a bit about the statistical properties of networks measured where data are gathered on every social actor about every other social actor on all relations. Yet such knowledge is lacking for social network studies where network data sets are incomplete; that is, when sociocentric network information is missing (by design or by chance). The goal of this study was to conduct basic methodological research on the effect of missing data on substantive conclusions drawn from social network analyses.iv Abstract Theoretical perspectives and promising findings from social network analysis are an important influence on contemporary social and behavioral sciences, whose recent empirical and theoretical developments, in turn, have impacted network science. Network studies facilitate direct behavioral intervention by pinpointing how human relationships encourage or discourage attitudes, actions, and behaviors. Social network analysis provides important tools for identifying and understanding the social and contextual factors relevant to engagement in particular behaviors. By quantifying relational information and linking it to human behavior, many important quantitative methods, such as matrix algebra, graph theory and statistical analysis, can be applied to identify structural patterns in social networks and measure the association of those patterns with various behavioral outcomes.Network sampling design and measurement strategies tend to correspond with study size. Medium to small s...
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