Purpose: Simulation training is increasingly popular in healthcare education, and often relies on specially designed manikins. However, it is also possible to work with actors, or simulated patients (SPs), which may provide a greater sense of realism. This study aimed to compare these 2 approaches, to ascertain which makes healthcare professionals feel most comfortable, which leads to the greatest improvement in confidence, and which is most beneficial to learning.Methods: This study was embedded in a pre-existing multidisciplinary in situ simulation program. A multidisciplinary group of learners from a range of backgrounds—including nurses, doctors, and other allied health professionals—were asked to complete a questionnaire about their learning preferences. We collected 204 responses from 40 simulation sessions over 4 months, from September to December 2019. Of these 204 responses, 123 described using an SP and 81 described using a manikin.Results: We found that 58% of respondents believed they would feel more comfortable working with an actor, while 17% would feel more comfortable using a manikin. Learners who used both modalities reported a significant increase in confidence (P<0.0001 for both). Participants felt that both modalities were beneficial to learning, but SPs provided significantly more benefits to learning than manikins (P<0.0001). The most common reason favoring SP-based simulation was the greater realism.Conclusion: In scenarios that could reasonably be provided using either modality, we suggest that educators should give greater consideration to using SP-based simulation.

The study to define the degree of compartmentalization along with the associated uncertainties has been done to aid the exploration sector to maximize its hidden potentials. Statfjord reservoir as the object of this study provides a robust clastic data which contains six different zones based upon petrophysical analysis. Seismic data interpretation is the core method to generate the structural and surface interpretation, followed by the structural framework modeling to define the juxtaposition along with the segmented fault system. The result shows moderate clay content (Effective Shale Gouge Ratio) ranging between 40% - 60% with 0.3 MD (millidarcy) permeability, which indicates moderately sealing faults. The compartments also considered having two different scenarios concerning its migration pathway. This is because of the limited well data at the reservoir system, therefore, two different Oil to Water Contact (OWC) value has been added (-2717m and -2617m).