attraction due to their synergistic functions of hydrophilic characteristics, [1,2] superior electrical conductivities, [3] high surface area, [4] efficient electrochemical activities, [5,6] and tunable surface functional groups. [7] Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets have been utilized as easy-to-assemble building block units for the fabrication of micro-and nanoarchitectures with multifunctionality, which have been applied to energy storage devices, [1,5,8] optoelectronics, [9,10] electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, [11][12][13] wireless communication, [14] and water desalination. [15][16][17] However, during the self-assembly processes, MXene nanosheets are prone to aggregate or restack due to strong van der Waals forces, which largely decreases the accessible surface area and active sites of functional MXene structures. [13,18,19] To scale the synergistic properties of MXene nanosheets to the macroscopic level, one promising strategy is through the construction of foam-like 3D structures, such as aerogels with hierarchical pores. [19,20] To date, various fabrication strategies have been adopted by incorporating external spacers/binders, [8,21] inducing crosslinking reaction between MXene nanosheets, [13,22] and utilizing supporter materials as templates. [23,24] Although these approaches have demonstrated the successful creation of MXene-based aerogels with high porosity, their electrical conductivities and electrochemical Scaling the synergistic properties of MXene nanosheets to microporous aerogel architectures requires effective strategies to overcome the nanosheet restacking without compromising MXene's advantageous properties. Traditional assembly approaches of 3D MXene aerogels normally involve external binders/templates and/or additional functionalization, which sacrifice the electrical conductivities and electrochemical activities of MXene aerogels. Herein, inspired by the hierarchal scale textures of Phrynosoma cornutum, a crumple-textured Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene platform is engineered to facilitate Mg 2+ -induced assembly, enabling conformal formation of large-area Mg 2+ -MXene aerogels without polymeric binders. Through a doctor blading technique and freeze drying, the Mg 2+ -MXene aerogels are produced with customized shapes/dimensions, featuring high surface area (140.5 m 2 g −1 ), superior electrical conductivity (758.4 S m −1 ), and high robustness in water. The highly conductive MXene aerogels show their versatile applications from macroscale technologies (e.g., electromagnetic interference shielding and capacitive deionization (CDI)) to on-chip electronics (e.g., quasi-solidstate microsupercapacitors (QMSCs)). As CDI electrodes, the Mg 2+ -MXene aerogels exhibit high salt adsorption capacity (33.3 mg g −1 ) and long-term operation reliability (over 30 cycles), showing a superb comparison with the literature. Also, the QMSCs with interdigitated Mg 2+ -MXene aerogel electrodes demonstrate high areal capacitances (409.3 mF cm −2 ) with superior power density and energy density compared with ...

An ideal anti‐counterfeiting technology is desired to be unclonable, nondestructive, mass‐producible, and accompanied with fast and robust authentication under various external influences. Although multiple anti‐counterfeiting technologies have been reported, few meet all of the above‐mentioned features. Herein, a mechanically driven patterning process is reported to produce higher dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene topographies in a scalable yet unclonable manner, which can be used as anti‐counterfeiting tags. By using a high‐speed confocal laser microscopy, the complex topographies can be extracted within one minute and then reconstructed into 3D physical unclonable function (PUF) keys. Meanwhile, a Siamese neural network model and a feature‐tracking software are built to achieve a pick‐and‐check strategy, enabling highly accurate, robust, disturbance‐insensitive tag authentication in practical exploitations. The 3D PUF key‐based anti‐counterfeiting technology features with several advances, including ultrahigh encoding capacities (≈10144 000‐107 800 000), fast processing times (<1 min), and high authentication accuracy under various external disturbances, including tag rotations (≈0°‒360°), tag dislocation(s) in x(y) directions (≈0%‒100%), tag shifts in z‐direction (≈0%‒28%), tag tilts (≈0°‒5°), differences in contrasts (20%‒60%) and laser power (6.0‒9.0 µW). The anti‐counterfeiting technology promises information security, encoding capacity, and authentication efficiency for the manufacturer‐distributor‐customer distribution processes.

Assembling 2D‐material (2DM) nanosheets into micro‐ and macro‐architectures with augmented functionalities requires effective strategies to overcome nanosheet restacking. Conventional assembly approaches involve external binders and/or functionalization, which inevitably sacrifice 2DM's nanoscale properties. Noble metal ions (NMI) are promising ionic crosslinkers, which can simultaneously assemble 2DM nanosheets and induce synergistic properties. Herein, a collection of NMI–2DM complexes are screened and categorized into two sub‐groups. Based on the zeta potentials, two assembly approaches are developed to obtain 1) NMI‐crosslinked 2DM hydrogels/aerogels for heterostructured catalysts and 2) NMI–2DM inks for templated synthesis. First, tetraammineplatinum(II) nitrate (TPtN) serves as an efficient ionic crosslinker to agglomerate various 2DM dispersions. By utilizing micro‐textured assembly platforms, various TPtN–2DM hydrogels are fabricated in a scalable fashion. Afterward, these hydrogels are lyophilized and thermally reduced to synthesize Pt‐decorated 2DM aerogels (Pt@2DM). The Pt@2DM heterostructures demonstrate high, substrate‐dependent catalytic activities and promote different reaction pathways in the hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene. Second, PtCl4 can be incorporated into 2DM dispersions at high NMI molarities to prepare a series of PtCl4–2DM inks with high colloidal stability. By adopting the PtCl4–graphene oxide ink, various Pt micro‐structures with replicated topographies are synthesized with accurate control of grain sizes and porosities.

When the U.S. Supreme Court exercises its power of judicial review over state laws, its decisions, like the legislation it considers, frequently speak to major policy debates. Despite the Court's routine involvement with state statutes, theoretical explanations of judicial review generally do not distinguish between state laws and federal laws. The characteristics of state legislatures lead legislators in different states to have distinct perspectives and incentives, and ultimately affect the types of laws enacted in different states. We suggest that because the level of professionalism of state legislatures affects the types of laws pursued by different states, it may also affect the likelihood that a state has a law struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. We find support for this expectation. Specifically, legislative professionalism is associated with an increased likelihood that a state has a law invalidated by the Court. This new evidence indicates that it is important to consider the legislative context in which state laws originate when examining the Court's review of state laws.