Climate change is one of the main challenges for Tajikistan's agricultural development and food security both in the medium and longer term. It is considered one of the key obstacles to achieving the country's strategic objectives as defined in the National Development Strategy for 2016-2030, which includes ensuring food security and access to quality nutrition by 2030. Using IFPRI's International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT), this article examines the effects of climate change on agriculture and food security in Tajikistan. The model simulation results show that yields of some major crops will decline significantly and project an overall negative effect of climate change on the agriculture sector in the country. Climate change will be one of the main challenges for food security, leading to an increased number of people at risk of hunger, malnourishment, especially among children and other vulnerable groups, and insufficient per capita calorie intake. Lower food availability may lead to higher food prices, which would negatively affect the livelihood of the population.

Reducing water consumption in crop irrigation in the world agriculture, studying soil moisture and water consumption by different irrigation methods, improving soil agrophysical properties and increasing productivity, as well as increasing the productivity of vegetable crops by various irrigation methods and improving phytosanitary conditions (weed and pest density, disease). Extensive research is being conducted to assess the level of one of the most pressing issues in agriculture is the development, improvement and widespread introduction of cost-effective irrigation methods in the spring and summer planting and care of vegetable crops in conditions of water scarcity.

This article highlights the composition of wastewater from poultry farms and their suitability for irrigation of agricultural crops. It has been established that the chemical demand of wastewater from poultry farms is 480–850 mg О2/l, which indicates a high level of contamination with organic products. Coarse and finely dispersed substances vary within 430–720 mg/l, and biochemical oxygen consumption on the fifth day (BOD5) within 0.39–0.74 g О2/l, and at the time of mass effluent emissions it reached 15–1.6 g О2/l. The titer of Escherichia coli was equal to 10-6, the number of microbes ranged from 48.5 x 106 to 61.6 x 106. Determination of the suitability of wastewater based on generally accepted methods showed that they are quite suitable for irrigation of crops without additional reclamation measures.

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