After reading the article and taking the test, the participant will be able to: 1. Identify obesity-related changes in body systems and how these impede wound healing. 2. Identify complications of postoperative wound healing in obese patients and the assessments and intervention strategies that can reduce these complications. 3. Identify skin and wound care considerations for obese patients and the role of preplanning protocols in avoiding problems.

A set of 18 plasmid subclones of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome, each containing an identified late expression factor gene (lef), supports expression from a late viral promoter in transient expression assays in the SF-21 cell line derived fromSpodoptera frugiperda. We have constructed a further set of plasmids in which each lef open reading frame (ORF) is controlled by the Drosophila melanogasterheat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter and epitope tagged. Failure of this set of plasmids to support transient late gene expression, and the inability of the p47 ORF to replace thep47-containing plasmid supplied in the lefplasmid library, led to the identification of a 19th late expression factor gene (lef-12) located adjacent to thep47 gene. The sequence of lef-12 is predicted to encode a protein of 21 kDa with no homology to any previously identified protein. The set of 19 hsp70-controlled lef ORFs (HSEpiHis lef library) supports transient expression from a late viral promoter. lef-12 did not affect expression from an early baculovirus promoter. In TN-368 cells, which are also permissive for virus replication, lef-12 provided a stimulatory effect but did not appear to be essential.

The DNA sequence and transcription pattern of the p10 gene from the spruce budworm baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) were analysed. The CfMNPV p10 gene codes for a protein 81 amino acids in length: this is the shortest p10 peptide identified thus far. A novel characteristic of the CfMNPV p10 gene is that it contains tandem late initiation sites (TAAG) having different temporal transcription patterns. Comparative analysis of CfMNPV p10 and the amino acid sequences of other p10 gene products showed that they each appear to have a similar N-terminal structure: an amphipathic alpha-helical terminus which condenses as coiled-coil multimers. Another feature of the p10 N terminus is that the central region of the coiled-coil domain resembles a bend or hairpin loop and could fold into a hairpin or form a bent rod structure. The condensation of p10 monomers to coiled-coil multimers is likely to be a step leading to the formation of p10 fibrous bodies in infected cells.

In Canada, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in considerable morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. Within the next three to 10 years, it is expected that tolerable, short-duration (12 to 24 weeks) therapies capable of curing >90% of those who undergo treatment will be approved. Given that most of those already infected are aging and at risk for progressive liver disease, building research-based interdisciplinary prevention, care and treatment capacity is an urgent priority. In an effort to increase the dissemination of knowledge in Canada in this rapidly advancing field, the National CIHR Research Training Program in Hepatitis C (NCRTP-HepC) established an annual interdisciplinary Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus. The first symposium was held in Montreal, Quebec, in 2012, and the second symposium was held in Victoria, British Columbia, in 2013. The current article presents highlights from the 2013 meeting. It summarizes recent advances in HCV research in Canada and internationally, and presents the consensus of the meeting participants that Canada would benefit from having its own national HCV strategy to identify critical gaps in policies and programs to more effectively address the challenges of expanding HCV screening and treatment.

In this study, the bunny boot was as effective as higher-tech devices. The results, however, were confounded by nurses adding pillows to the bunny boot group.